Effect of ambient pressures on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy signals

doi:10.1007/s11467-023-1380-5

Front. Phys.

2024, Vol. 19

Issue (4) : 42203 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11467-023-1380-5

Effect of ambient pressures on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy signals

Kaifan Zhang¹, Weiran Song¹, Zongyu Hou^1,², Zhe Wang^1,²(

)

¹. State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control, Tsinghua-Rio Tinto Joint Research Centre for Resources, Energy and Sustainable Development, International Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy Innovation, Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
². Shanxi Research Institute for Clean Energy, Tsinghua University, Taiyuan 030032, China

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Abstract

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is regarded as the future superstar for analytical chemistry and widely applied in various fields. Improving the quality of LIBS signal is fundamental to achieving accurate quantification and large-scale commercialization of LIBS. To propose control methods that improve LIBS signal quality, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of the influence of key parameters, such as ambient gas pressure, temperature, and sample temperature on LIBS signals. To date, extensive research has been carried out. However, different researchers often yield significantly different experimental results for LIBS, preventing the formation of consistent conclusions. This greatly prevents the understanding of influencing laws of key parameters and the improvement of LIBS quantitative performance. Taking ambient gas pressure as an example, this paper compares the effects of ambient gas pressure under different optimization conditions, reveals the influence of spatiotemporal window caused by inherent characteristics of LIBS signal sources, i.e., intense temporal changes and spatial non-uniformity of laser-induced plasmas, on the impact patterns of key parameters. From the perspective of plasma spatiotemporal evolution, the paper elucidates the influence patterns of ambient gas pressure on LIBS signals, clarifying seemingly contradictory research results in the literature.

Keywords laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy spatiotemporal window pressure condition signal uncertainty plasma modulation

Corresponding Author(s): Zhe Wang

About author:

Lei Wang and Yingqiu Xie contributed equally to this work.

Issue Date: 30 January 2024

Cite this article:

Kaifan Zhang,Weiran Song,Zongyu Hou, et al. Effect of ambient pressures on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy signals[J]. Front. Phys. , 2024, 19(4): 42203.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fop/EN/10.1007/s11467-023-1380-5
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fop/EN/Y2024/V19/I4/42203

Fig.1 Different results of pressure effects on the LIBS signal intensity from different researchers. (a) The absolute signal intensity of the continuum radiation, W II line (434.81 nm) and W I (429.46 nm) line as a function of air pressure [16]. (b) Variation in peak intensity of spectral line Cu I at 510.5 nm with pressure [18]. (c) Emission intensity of Mg II (279.55 nm) line at different pressures [19]. (d) Spectral intensity of Na I 590.02 nm under different air pressures [13].

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of the LIBS experimental setup. ND filters: neutral density filters.

Fig.3 The relative positions and delay time of spatiotemporal windows I, II, and III and patterns of LIBS signal intensity with pressure variation under spatiotemporal windows I (a), II (b), and III (c). Omitted distances are denoted by // symbols for better visualization. X and Y are the coordinates of the translation stage in the horizontal plane direction.

Fig.4 (a) The iterative process of optimizing the spatiotemporal windows at each pressure. (b) The optimal spatial and temporal windows at different pressures. The black cubes represent the experimental results, while the curve represent the fitted values based on the results.

Fig.5 The plasma evolution images at different pressures.

Fig.6 (a) The variation of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of Cu I (521.72 nm) line with delay during the final iteration of spatiotemporal window optimization. (b) The optimal delay time at different pressures. The black squares represent the experimental results, while the curve represent the fitted values based on the results. (c) The variation of average plasma image intensity over time at 100 kPa. (d) The variation of plasma decay time with pressure.

Fig.7 (a) The variation of the optimized window to sample distance with respect to pressure. (b) The variation of the mean plasma height with respect to pressure.

Fig.8 (a) The patterns of spectral signal intensity of Cu I (515.24 nm) and Cu I (521.72 nm) lines with respect to pressure under the optimal spatiotemporal windows at each pressure. (b) Variation of the plasma area with pressure. (c) The variation of the accumulated volume of laser ablation craters with pressure after 50 laser pulses.

Fig.9 The depth and 3D images of ablation craters at 0.1 kPa (a) and 100 kPa (b).

Fig.10 Signal-to-noise (a) and signal-to-background (b) of Cu I (515.24 nm) and Cu I (521.72 nm) lines at different pressures.

Fig.11 The spectral signal intensity RSD with respect to pressure under the optimal spatiotemporal windows at each pressure.

Fig.12 The diagram of plasma and external shock wave evolution [15].

Fig.13 Plasma evolution images over time at 0.1 kPa (a), 5 kPa (b), and 100 kPa (c).

Fig.14 The variation of the plasma core region height with delay time at pressures of 0.1 kPa, 5 kPa, and 100 kPa.

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