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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering

ISSN 2095-7505

ISSN 2095-977X(Online)

CN 10-1204/S

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Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.    2016, Vol. 3 Issue (2) : 137-146    https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2016098
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effectiveness of ten commercial maize cultivars in inducing Egyptian broomrape germination
Xiaoxin YE1,Jinnan JIA1,Yongqing MA1,2,*(),Yu AN3,Shuqi DONG4
1. College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
2. The State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
3. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
4. College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
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Abstract

Egyptian broomrape (EB), Phelipanche aegyptiaca, is a devastating root parasite, causing enormous crop losses around the world. Maize has the potential to influence the growth of other plants through releasing certain allelochemicals and is able to induce germination of at least three broomrape species. To determine whether maize could be used as a trap crop for EB, 10 maize cultivars were tested for their ability to induce EB germination. The results showed that maize cultivars can induce EB germination, and that germination rates in a cut-root experiment and a hydroponic experiment were consistent. Maize cvs Changcheng 799 and Zhengdan 958 induced the highest EB germination rates, while cvs Luyu 13 and Zhengyu 203 were the least effective. These four maize cultivars were further studied in a pot experiment. Rhizosphere soil, rhizosphere soil extracts, root extracts and shoot extracts from these cultivars were all able to induce EB germination, with cv. Changcheng 799 inducing the highest germination rates. Root extracts generally induced higher germination rates than shoot extracts. It is suggested that Changcheng 799 could be planted as a trap crop for control of EB.
Keywords allelopathy      Egyptian broomrape      maize      seed germination      trap crop     
Corresponding Author(s): Yongqing MA   
Just Accepted Date: 11 May 2016   Online First Date: 26 May 2016    Issue Date: 05 July 2016
 Cite this article:   
Xiaoxin YE,Jinnan JIA,Yongqing MA, et al. Effectiveness of ten commercial maize cultivars in inducing Egyptian broomrape germination[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2016, 3(2): 137-146.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/10.15302/J-FASE-2016098
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/Y2016/V3/I2/137
Fig.1  Germination rates of Egyptian broomrape seeds in the cut-root assay. Seeds were placed in concentric circles 1, 2 and 3 cm (inside, middle and outside, respectively), from root segments of maize seedlings. Significant differences at 5% level (LSD, P<0.05) are indicated by lowercase letters.
Fig.2  Effect of root exudates from ten maize cultivars on Egyptian broomrape germination. Egyptian broomrape seeds were germinated in filter paper-lined Petri dishes where maize seedlings had been growing for 96 h. Significant differences at 5% level (LSD, P<0.05) are indicated by lowercase letters.
Maize cultivars Concentration of root exudates/(mg·L-1)
100 10 1
Changcheng 799Changdan 48Luyu 13Nongda 364Shandan 2001Tiancheng 288Yuyu 22Zhengda 12Zhengdan 958Zhengyu 203Distilled water 41.4 b22.5 cde13.3 ef17.3 ef28.7 cd18.0 def29.6 c14.3 ef29.9 c11.3 f0.0 g 21.8 a8.6 bc3.0 bc4.8 bc21.7 a7.7 bc4.7 bc8.6 bc10.6 b10.2 b0.0 c 5.3 a0.0 c1.1 bc1.2 ab3.5 abc0.0 c0.0 c3.2 abc2.9 abc4.2 ab0.0 c
Tab.1  Germination rate of Egyptian broomrape induced by maize root exudates in the hydroponic experiment %
Fig.3  Effect of shoot (a) and root (b) water extracts from ten maize cultivars on Egyptian broomrape germination in a hydroponic experiment. Significant differences at the 5% level (LSD, P<0.05) are indicated by lowercase letters.
Fig.4  Effect of shoot (a) and root (b) methanol extracts from ten maize cultivars on Egyptian broomrape germination in a hydroponic experiment. Significant differences at the 5% level (LSD, P<0.05) are indicated by lowercase letters.
Fig.5  Effect of rhizosphere soil from four maize cultivars on Egyptian broomrape germination in the pot experiment. The rhizosphere soil was collected at the four-, six-, and eight-leaf stages. Significant differences at 5% level (LSD, P<0.05) are indicated by lowercase letters.
Extracts Maizecultivar Undiluted extracts 10-fold dilution 100-fold dilution
Four-leaf stage Six-leaf stage Eight-leaf stage Four-leaf stage Six-leaf stage Eight-leaf stage Four-leaf stage Six-leaf stage Eight-leaf stage
Aqueous CC 10.5 d 25.4 a 30.9 a 27.3 a 30.9 a 33.8 a 23.1 a 23.2 a 35.8 a
ZD 19.0 a 22.9 a 26.3 b 20.7 b 22.9 b 26.3 bc 18.0 a 20.5 ab 29.6 b
ZY 14.9 b 15.3 b 17.6 c 19.7 b 21.4 b 24.4 c 19.4 a 20.4 ab 25.8 bc
LY 12.8 c 13.9 b 21.4 c 19.0 b 21.1 b 27.0 b 18.0 a 18.1 b 24.0 c
Methanol CC 9.2 b 12.5 a 16.5 a 14.2 a 21.1 a 22.5 a 16.4 a 18.2 a 15.0 a
ZD 11.5 a 13.6 a 14.5 a 16.3 a 18.3 ab 20.0 a 15.3 ab 17.5 a 18.4 a
ZY 8.6 b 11.7 a 12.9 a 12.8 a 17.1 ab 15.3 b 11.6 b 15.1 a 13.0 a
LY 8.7 b 12.1 a 14.2 a 13.4 a 15.0 b 16.5 b 11.3 b 15.5 a 14.5 a
Tab.2  Germination rate of Egyptian broomrape induced by maize rhizosphere soil extracts collected at different leaf stages in the pot trial %
Extracts Maizecultivar 10-fold dilution 100-fold dilution
Four-leaf stage Six-leaf stage Eight-leaf stage Four-leaf stage Six-leaf stage Eight-leaf stage
Aqueous CC 17.6 a 16.3 b 23.7 a 20.5 b 25.5 a 32.3 a
ZD 17.4 ab 21.7 a 19.4 b 24.5 a 22.5 a 28.6 b
ZY 14.1 c 17.0 b 12.7 c 15.4 c 19.1 b 18.7 d
LY 14.9 bc 15.9 b 12.9 c 16.3 c 17.0 b 23.0 c
Methanol CC 30.1 a 33.3 a 29.5 a 35.9 a 35.3 a 39.8 a
ZD 20.3 b 26.1 b 24.4 a 26.8 b 32.7 ab 34.4 b
ZY 16.1 c 23.9 b 15.5 b 19.6 c 25.5 bc 22.4 c
LY 22.3 b 14.0 c 16.1 b 23.9 bc 21.2 c 24.7 c
Tab.3  Germination rate of Egyptian broomrape induced by maize root extracts collected at different leaf stage in the pot trial %
Extracts Maizecultivar 10-fold dilution 100-fold dilution
Four-leaf stage Six-leaf stage Eight-leaf stage Four-leaf stage Six-leaf stage Eight-leaf stage
Aqueous CC 14.6 b 26.8 b 22.6 b 20.2 ab 36.0 a 38.8 a
ZD 14.6 b 33.9 a 27.0 a 14.5 b 31.7 a 32.6 ab
ZY 21.9 a 21.8 b 20.8 b 22.2 a 25.7 b 27.7 b
LY 12.2 c 11.9 c 21.9 b 15.7 b 17.0 c 28.4 b
Methanol CC 31.6 a 52.6 a 32.2 a 35.1 a 39.2 a 34.7 a
ZD 34.3 a 41.6 b 28.2 b 31.9 a 34.1 b 28.7 b
ZY 21.7 b 24.3 c 22.6 c 27.2 b 27.5 c 22.4 c
LY 22.7 b 23.5 c 17.7 d 28.4 b 26.3 c 22.0 c
Tab.4  Germination rate of Egyptian broomrape induced by maize shoot extracts collected at different leaf stage in the pot trial %
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