Porcine pluripotent stem cells: progress, challenges and prospects

doi:10.15302/J-FASE-2018233

Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.

2019, Vol. 6

Issue (1) : 8-27 https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2018233

REVIEW

Porcine pluripotent stem cells: progress, challenges and prospects

Jianyong HAN¹, Yi-Liang MIAO², Jinlian HUA³, Yan LI⁴, Xue ZHANG⁴, Jilong ZHOU², Na LI³, Ying ZHANG³, Jinying ZHANG¹, Zhonghua LIU⁴(

)

¹. State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
². Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology/College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
³. College of Veterinary Medicine/Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
⁴. Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China

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Abstract

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are characterized by their capacity for high self-renewal and multiple differentiation potential and include embryonic stem cells, embryonic germ cells and induced PSCs. PSCs provide a very suitable model for the studies of human diseases, drugs screening, regenerative medicine and developmental biology research. Pigs are considered as an ideal model for preclinical development of human xenotransplantation, therapeutic approaches and regenerative medicine because of their size and physiological similarity to humans. However, lack of knowledge about the derivation, characterization and pluripotency mechanisms of porcine PSCs hinders progress in these biotechnologies. In this review, we discuss the latest progress on porcine PSCs generation, evaluation criteria for pluripotency, the scientific and technical questions arising from these studies. We also introduce our perspectives on porcine PSC research, in the hope of providing new ideas for generating naive porcine PSCs and animal breeding.

Keywords embryonic germ cells embryonic stem cells induced pluripotent stem cells pigs pluripotent stem cells

Corresponding Author(s): Zhonghua LIU

Just Accepted Date: 07 June 2018 Online First Date: 17 July 2018 Issue Date: 25 February 2019

Cite this article:

Jianyong HAN,Yi-Liang MIAO,Jinlian HUA, et al. Porcine pluripotent stem cells: progress, challenges and prospects[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2019, 6(1): 8-27.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/10.15302/J-FASE-2018233
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/Y2019/V6/I1/8

Fig.1 Derivation of pluripotent stem cells from different embryo development stage

Tab.1 Pluripotent stem cells derived from primordial germ cells

Tab.2 Pluripotent stem cells derived from testis

Tab.3 Pluripotent stem cells derived from mouse ovary

Tab.4 Characteristics of porcine embryonic stem cells

Cell sources	Morphology				Pluripotent markers			Differentiation in vivo		Differentiation in vitro		Reference
Cell sources	Pluripotency state	Colony formation time/rate	Passage	Karyotype	Pluripotency factors	Surface markers	AP	Teratoma	Chimera	EB	Multilineage differentiation potency	Reference
Porcine fetal fibroblasts	ESC-like	14 d	p>40	Normal	OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, LIN28, OCT3, C-MYC	SSEA-1, SSEA-3, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81	AP	+	CP	+	+	[⁹⁷]
		6–8 d	p>30	Normal	OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, TERT	SSEA-4, SSEA-1, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81	AP	+	CB	+	+	[¹¹²]
		10–12 d	ND	Normal	REX1, OCT4, SOX2, REX1, NANOG	SSEA4	AP	+	ND	+	+	[¹¹¹]
		5 d	ND	Normal	OCT4, C-MYC	SSEA4, TRA-1-60	AP	+	ND	+	+	[¹²⁶]
	EpiSC-like	22 d	p<20	Abnormal	OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, KLF4	SSEA-1	AP	+	ND	+	+	[⁵⁹]
		8–10 d	p>25	Normal	NANOG, REX1, LIN28, SOX2, OCT3	SSEA-4	AP	+	ND	ND	ND	[¹²⁷]
		12 d	p>90	ND	OCT4, NANOG, ZFP42, UTF1, EpCAM, ESRRB	SSEA-1	AP	-	-	+	-	[¹²⁸]
		14–20 d	p>20	ND	OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, KLF4, C-MYC, LIN28, DPPA2	SSEA-1, SSEA-4	AP	+	CP	+	+	[⁶⁶]
		10 d	p>35	ND	SOX2, OCT4, Klf4, NANOG, REX1, TDGF	SSEA-4	AP	-	ND	+	+	[¹²⁹]
		ND	p>30	Normal	OCT4, SOX2	SSEA-1, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81	AP	+	CB	+	+	[¹³⁰]
		6–7 d	ND	Normal	OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, REX1, KLF4	SSEA-1	AP	ND	ND	+	+	[³⁴]
		7 d	p>30	Normal	OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, REX1, TBX3, NR5A2	–	AP	+	ND			[¹³¹]
		8 d	p>50	Normal	OCT4, SOX2, NANOG	SSEA1, SSEA4, TRA-1-81 (weak), TRA-1-60 (weak)	AP	ND	ND	+	+	[¹³²]
Ear fibroblasts	ESC-like	7 d	p>20	Normal	OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, REX1	–	–	+	ND	ND	+	[¹³³]
	ESC-like	18 d	p76	Normal	OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, KLF4	SSEA-1	AP	+	ND	+	+	[¹³³]
	EpiSC-like	ND	ND	ND	–	–	AP	–	ND ND	+	+	[⁹²]
		8 d	p>30	Normal	OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, LIN28	SSEA-3, SSEA-4 TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81	AP	+	ND ND	+	+	[¹³⁴]
		9 d	ND	Normal	NANOG	SSEA-4, TRA-1-60	AP	+	ND	+	+	[¹³⁵]
		11 d	p>25	Abnormal	SOX2, OCT4, NANOG, LIN28, REX1, CDH1, DNMT	SSEA-1, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81	AP	ND	ND	+	+	[¹³⁶]
		7 d	p>41	Normal	OCT3, OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, REX1, CDH1	SSEA3, SSEA4, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81	AP	+	ND	+	+	[¹³⁷]
Adipose tissue	ESC-like	8 d	p>30	Normal	OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, LIN28, ESRRB, DPPA5, UTF1	SSEA3, SSEA4	AP	+	ND	+	+	[¹³⁸]
Adipose stromal cells	EpiSC-like	15 d	p50	Normal	NANOG, OCT4, SOX2, KLF4	SSEA-1, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81,	AP	+	ND	+	+	[¹³⁹]
Testicular fibroblasts	EPiSC-like	10 d	12 month	Normal	OCT4, SAll4, SOX2, NANOG, LIN28, CDH1	SSEA4	AP	–	ND	+	+	[¹⁴⁰]
Dermal fibroblasts	ND	7 d	p>22	Normal	SOX2, OCT4, NANOG	SSEA4, TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81	AP	ND	ND	+	+	[⁴²]

Tab.5 Characteristics of porcine induced pluripotent stem cells

Tab.6 Characteristics of porcine embryonic germ cells

Fig.2 Porcine embryonic stem cells have great significance and potential for wide application

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