INTERCROPPING TEA PLANTATIONS WITH SOYBEAN AND RAPESEED ENHANCES NITROGEN FIXATION THROUGH SHIFTS IN SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES

doi:10.15302/J-FASE-2022451

Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.

2022, Vol. 9

Issue (3) : 344-355 https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2022451

RESEARCH ARTICLE

INTERCROPPING TEA PLANTATIONS WITH SOYBEAN AND RAPESEED ENHANCES NITROGEN FIXATION THROUGH SHIFTS IN SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES

Yongjia ZHONG, Lini LIANG, Ruineng XU, Hanyu XU, Lili SUN, Hong LIAO(

)

Root Biology Center, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China

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Abstract

● Intercropping change soil bacterial communities in tea plantations.

● Intercropping increasing nitrogen cycling in the soils of tea plantations.

Intercropping with eco-friendly crops is a well-known strategy for improving agriculture sustainability with benefits throughout the soil community, though the range of crop impacts on soil microbiota and extent of feedbacks to crops remain largely unclear. This study evaluated the impacts of different intercropping systems on soil bacterial community composition, diversity, and potential functions in tea gardens. Intercropping systems were found to be significantly influenced soil microbiota. Within the three tested intercropping systems (tea-soybean, tea-rapeseed and tea-soybean-rapeseed), the tea-soybean-rapeseed intercropping system had the most dramatic influence on soil microbiota, with increases in richness accompanied by shifts in the structure of tea garden soil bacterial networks. Specifically, relative abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria associated with essential mineral nutrient cycling increased significantly in the tea-soybean-rapeseed intercropping system. In addition, soil microbial functions related to nutrient cycling functions were significantly enhanced. This was in accordance with increasing relative abundance of nitrogen cycling bacteria, including Burkholderia spp. and Rhodanobacter spp. Based on these results, it is proposed that intercropping tea plantation with soybean and rapeseed may benefit soil microbiota, and thereby promises to be an important strategy for improving soil health in ecologically sound tea production systems.

Keywords intercropping rapeseed soil microbe soybean tea garden

Corresponding Author(s): Hong LIAO

About author:

Tongcan Cui and Yizhe Hou contributed equally to this work.

Just Accepted Date: 09 June 2022 Online First Date: 04 July 2022 Issue Date: 09 September 2022

Cite this article:

Yongjia ZHONG,Lini LIANG,Ruineng XU, et al. INTERCROPPING TEA PLANTATIONS WITH SOYBEAN AND RAPESEED ENHANCES NITROGEN FIXATION THROUGH SHIFTS IN SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2022, 9(3): 344-355.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/10.15302/J-FASE-2022451
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/Y2022/V9/I3/344

Fig.1 Experimental design of soybean and rapeseed intercropping in this study. Diagram of tea rows and soil sampling sites in the tea garden and the intercropping systems (tea-control, tea-soybean, tea-rapeseed and tea-rapeseed-soybean) used in this study in the tea garden. The distance between tea rows are usually greater than 30 cm. with the soil sampling locations central between the tea rows. (a) IC, tea-control; (b) IR, tea-rapeseed; (c) IS, tea-soybean; (d) ISR, tea-rapeseed-soybean intercropping.

Tab.1 Basic soil chemical properties under four intercropping treatments

Fig.2 Richness and diversity of soil bacterial communities in tea garden under four intercropping systems. (a) Rarefied fraction curves of bacterial community richness in each treatment. (b,c) Comparison of bacterial communities associated with each intercropping treatment using the Chao1 index (b) and Shannon index (c). Median of treatments with the same letter are not significantly different (Tukey’s HSD test, P < 0.05). IC, tea-control; IS, tea-soybean; IR, tea-rapeseed; ISR, tea-rapeseed-soybean intercropping.

Fig.3 Influence of four intercropping systems to the structure of soil bacterial communities. Constrained PCoA of bacterial communities in tea garden soils based on distance matrix of unweighted UniFrac (a) and weighted UniFrac (b) using the anova.acc() function in R “Vegan” package (version 2.4.0). Comparisons of soil bacterial communities of four intercropping systems with control plots using ANOSIM analysis. The P-value was calculated by permutation testing (n = 999).

Fig.4 Influence of four intercropping systems to the composition of soil bacterial communities. (a) Composition of bacterial communities at phylum taxonomic level in a tea garden under four intercropping systems. (b) Venn diagram of overlapping OTUs and specific OTUs in tea garden soil under four intercropping systems.

Fig.5 Intercropping drives the establishment of distinct microbial networks. Comparisons of bacterial co-occurrence networks in the soils of a tea garden subjected to four intercropping systems. Co-occurrence networks were constructed based on correlation analysis of the relative abundance of microbial OTUs across replicates and intercropping treatments. The size of the nodes is proportional to the number of connections to other nodes in the network. The color of nodes indicates the module of the microbes as shown in the key. Connections between nodes represent significant correlations (P < 0.05 and r < 0.70 in Spearman’s rank correlation test). Hub microbes in each co-occurrence network are indicated by darker nodes. (a) IC, tea-control; (b) IR, tea-rapeseed; (c) IS, tea-soybean; (d) ISR, tea-rapeseed-soybean intercropping.

Fig.6 Biomarkers for four intercropping system. Comparisons of bacteria identified as significantly different between the four intercropping systems tested using LEfSe analysis and presented as LDA scores of significant biomarker bacteria between IS and IC (a), IR and IC (b) and ISR and control (c) treatments. LDA scores are shown as horizontal bars for biomarker bacteria returned as significant in the Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test at P < 0.05. LDA: linear discriminant analysis; IC: tea-control; IS: tea-soybean; IR: tea-rapeseed; ISR: tea-rapeseed-soybean intercropping.

Fig.7 Functional change of soil microbes for four intercropping patterns. Comparisons of potential nutrient cycling genes between different cropping system. Counts of function genes relative to nitrogen fixation (a), nitrification (b), nitrite oxidation (c), nitrate reduction (d), nitrate denitrification (e), nitrite denitrification (f), sulfate oxidation (g), and iron respiration (h) between different intercropping. Means with the same letter are not significantly different (Duncan’s multiple range comparison tests, P < 0.05). IC: tea-control; IR: tea-rapeseed; IS: tea-soybean; ISR: tea-rapeseed-soybean intercropping.

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