|
|
SHIFTING TO A RECOMMENDED DIETARY PATTERN COULD PROMOTE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH |
Maoran ZHU(), Jian ZONG |
China Center for Agricultural Policy, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China |
|
|
Abstract ● Shifting from the existing dietary patterns to the alternative recommended dietary pattern could enhance the sustainable development of environment and human health. ● Shifting to the Planet Healthy Pattern is more effective than the Chinese Dietary Pattern. ● Measures and efforts to induce balanced dietary behavior are necessary. With the rapid development of China’s economy, Chinese people tend to eat foods rich in fat, sugar and protein. This change in dietary pattern has brought double challenges to China’s sustainable development of environment and human health. So it has become urgent for the nation to shift to a healthy and sustainable dietary pattern. Based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey database, this study used K-means cluster analysis to classify China’s existing dietary patterns into quasi-southern, quasi-northern and quasi-western patterns. Two alternative recommended dietary patterns, Chinese dietary and planet health patterns, were selected to compare the effects of environment and health. The results show that a shift from the three existing dietary patterns to two alternative dietary patterns could enhance sustainable development of environment, especially for the quasi-western pattern shifting to the planet health pattern. Also, a shift would have of great benefits for human health, effectively reduce the relative risks of diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease. The greatest benefits would come from shifting the quasi-western pattern benefits to one of the two alternative dietary patterns in terms of environment effects, and the quasi-southern pattern benefits most in terms of health effects. Shifting to the planet health pattern is more effective than the Chinese dietary pattern both in environment and human health. This paper provides policy recommendations to vigorously advocate dietary balance, scientifically promote dietary patterns, and change consumer dietary behavior.
|
Keywords
CHNS data
cluster analysis
dietary patterns
sustainable development
|
Corresponding Author(s):
Maoran ZHU
|
Just Accepted Date: 28 February 2023
Online First Date: 20 March 2023
|
|
1 |
Y, Yin J, Jia Y Shen . Changes and trends of food consumption of Urban and rural residents in China. World Agriculture, 2020, 9: 38−46 (in Chinese)
|
2 |
Agricultural University, China University, Zhejiang Agricultural University, Nanjing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chinese of Food Policy Research Institute International . 2021 China and Global Food Policy Report. Beijing: Institute of Global Food Economy and Policy, China Agricultural University, 2021
|
3 |
J, Liu H H G Savenije . Food consumption patterns and their effect on water requirement in China. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2008, 12(3): 887–898
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-12-887-2008
|
4 |
W, Qiang C, Zhang A, Liu S, Cheng X, Wang F Li . The evolution of virtual cultivated land resource flow in global agricultural trade and its influencing factors. Resource Science, 2020, 42(9): 1704−1714 (in Chinese)
|
5 |
J Lu . Development of national nutrition Promotes to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects in China. Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene, 2020, 32(4): 351−355 (in Chinese)
|
6 |
F, Sheng J, Wang K Z, Chen S, Fan H Gao . Changing Chinese diets to achieve a win-win solution for health and the environment. China & World Economy, 2021, 29(6): 34–52
https://doi.org/10.1111/cwe.12393
|
7 |
G, Eshel P A Martin . Diet, energy, and global warming. Earth Interactions, 2006, 10(9): 1–17
https://doi.org/10.1175/EI167.1
|
8 |
A, Blas A, Garrido B Willaarts . Food consumption and waste in Spanish households: water implications within and beyond national borders. Ecological Indicators, 2018, 89: 290–300
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.01.057
|
9 |
P, Alexander C, Brown A, Arneth J, Finnigan M D A Rounsevell . Human appropriation of land for food: the role of diet. Global Environmental Change, 2016, 41: 88–98
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.09.005
|
10 |
T T, Fung K M, Rexrode C S, Mantzoros J E, Manson W C, Willett F B Hu . Mediterranean diet and incidence of and mortality from coronary heart disease and stroke in women. Circulation, 2009, 119(8): 1093–1100
https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.816736
pmid: 19221219
|
11 |
D, Tilman M Clark . Global diets link environmental sustainability and human health. Nature, 2014, 515(7528): 518–522
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13959
pmid: 25383533
|
12 |
H Li . A study on food consumption of urban residents in China based on nutrition goals. Beijing: China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 2018
|
13 |
Y, Lin W, Qi Q Zhu . Sustainable food consumption pattern in China based on ecological footprint. Journal of Natural Resources, 2019, 34(2): 120−129 (in Chinese)
|
14 |
S, Dernini E M Berry . Mediterranean diet: from a healthy diet to a sustainable dietary pattern. Frontiers in Nutrition, 2015, 2: 15
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2015.00015
pmid: 26284249
|
15 |
H, Kahleova S, Levin N D Barnard . Vegetarian dietary patterns and cardiovascular disease. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 2018, 61(1): 54–61
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2018.05.002
pmid: 29800598
|
16 |
J, Zhang Z, Wang W, Du F, Huang H, Jiang J, Bai X, Zhang B, Zhang H Wang . Twenty-five-year trends in dietary patterns among chinese adults from 1991 to 2015. Nutrients, 2021, 13(4): 1327
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041327
pmid: 33923855
|
17 |
M S, Tom P S, Fischbeck C T Hendrickson . Energy use, blue water footprint, and greenhouse gas emissions for current food consumption patterns and dietary recommendations in the US. Environment Systems & Decisions, 2016, 36(1): 92–103
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-015-9577-y
|
18 |
R, Green J, Milner A D, Dangour A, Haines Z, Chalabi A, Markandya J, Spadaro P Wilkinson . The potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the UK through healthy and realistic dietary change. Climatic Change, 2015, 129(1−2): 253−265
|
19 |
S, Sáez-Almendros B, Obrador A, Bach-Faig L Serra-Majem . Environmental footprints of Mediterranean versus Western dietary patterns: beyond the health benefits of the Mediterranean diet. Environmental Health, 2013, 12(1): 118
https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-12-118
pmid: 24378069
|
20 |
S S, Wang B, Zhang Z, Wang H, Jiang L, Wang W, Li L, Hao H Wang . Changing trends of food intake of adults aged 18–35 in 15 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China from 1989 to 2015. Journal of Hygiene Research, 2021, 50(3): 442–447 (in Chinese)
|
21 |
P, Li H, Yang C Zang . How does income affect salt intake?—Evidence from CHNS microdata. Economic Review (Kansas City, Mo.), 2017, 4: 90−105 (in Chinese)
|
22 |
Y, Tian J, Min P, Liu J Sun . Clustering analysis on the dietary patterns of residents in Jiangsu Province. Journal of Hygiene Research, 2011, 40(6): 771–772, 775 (in Chinese)
|
23 |
and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) Food . Global food losses and food waste: extent, causes and prevention. FAO, 2011
|
24 |
M M, Mekonnen A Y Hoekstra . The green, blue and grey water footprint of crops and derived crop products. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2011, 15(5): 1577–1600
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-1577-2011
|
25 |
M M, Mekonnen A Y Hoekstra . A global assessment of the water footprint of farm animal products. Ecosystems, 2012, 15(3): 401–415
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9517-8
|
26 |
T, Ali J, Huang J, Wang W Xie . Global footprints of water and land resources through China’s food trade. Global Food Security, 2017, 12: 139–145
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2016.11.003
|
27 |
Q, Shang K, Yin X, Fan W Mi . Study on the sustainable development of ecological economy in Yinchuan City. Ecological Economics, 2021, 37(5): 86−91 (in Chinese)
|
28 |
P, He G, Baiocchi K, Hubacek K, Feng Y Yu . The environmental impacts of rapidly changing diets and their nutritional quality in China. Nature Sustainability, 2018, 1(3): 122–127
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0035-y
|
29 |
L, Schwingshackl C, Schwedhelm G, Hoffmann S, Knüppel K, Iqbal V, Andriolo A, Bechthold S, Schlesinger H Boeing . Food groups and risk of hypertension: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Advances in Nutrition, 2017, 8(6): 793–803
https://doi.org/10.3945/an.117.017178
pmid: 29141965
|
30 |
L, Schwingshackl G, Hoffmann A M, Lampousi S, Knüppel K, Iqbal C, Schwedhelm A, Bechthold S, Schlesinger H Boeing . Food groups and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. European Journal of Epidemiology, 2017, 32(5): 363–375
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-017-0246-y
pmid: 28397016
|
31 |
A, Bechthold H, Boeing C, Schwedhelm G, Hoffmann S, Knüppel K, Iqbal Henauw S, De N, Michels B, Devleesschauwer S, Schlesinger L Schwingshackl . Food groups and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke and heart failure: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2019, 59(7): 1071–1090
https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2017.1392288
pmid: 29039970
|
32 |
L, Schwingshackl C, Schwedhelm G, Hoffmann A M, Lampousi S, Knüppel K, Iqbal A, Bechthold S, Schlesinger H Boeing . Food groups and risk of all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2017, 105(6): 1462–1473
https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.117.153148
pmid: 28446499
|
33 |
I, Tabata N, Ebine Y, Kawashima K, Ishikawa-Takata S, Tanaka M, Higuchi Y Yoshitake . Dietary reference intakes for Japanese 2010: energy. Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 2012, 59(Suppl): S26–S35
https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.59.S26
|
34 |
Q, Li T, Wu R, Liu M Zhang . Research progress for inhibition of dietary fiber in cereals and their modified products on choline metabolism of red meat. Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association, 2018, 33(5): 112–118
|
|
Viewed |
|
|
|
Full text
|
|
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
|
Cited |
|
|
|
|
|
Shared |
|
|
|
|
|
Discussed |
|
|
|
|