Bimetallic reduced graphene oxide/zeolitic imidazolate framework hybrid aerogels for efficient heavy metals removal

doi:10.1007/s11705-024-2442-0

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2024, Vol. 18

Issue (8) : 89 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-024-2442-0

Bimetallic reduced graphene oxide/zeolitic imidazolate framework hybrid aerogels for efficient heavy metals removal

Nurul A. Mazlan, Allana Lewis, Fraz Saeed Butt, Rajakumari Krishnamoorthi, Siyu Chen, Yi Huang(

)

School of Engineering, Institute for Materials & Processes, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK

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Abstract

Graphene oxide is a promising adsorption material. However, it has been difficult to recycle and separate graphene oxide in the solution. To alleviate this problem, graphene oxide was thermally reduced to produce porous hydrogel which was then functionalized with polydopamine. The functional groups act as not only adsorption sites but also nucleation sites for in situ crystallization of cobalt-doped zeolitic-imidazolate-framework-8 nano-adsorbents. The effects of cobalt-doping contents on the physicochemical and adsorption properties of the resulting aerogel were also evaluated by varying the cobalt concentration. For instance, the reduced graphene oxide-polydopamine/50cobalt-zeolitic-imidazolate-framework-8 aerogel exhibited a high surface area of 900 m²·g^–1 and maintained the structure in water after ten days. The as-synthesized aerogels showed an ultrahigh adsorption capacity of 1217 ± 24.35 mg·g^–1 with a removal efficiency of > 99% of lead, as well as excellent adsorption performance toward other heavy metals, such as copper and cadmium with adsorption capacity of 1163 ± 34.91 and 1059 ± 31.77 mg·g^–1, respectively. More importantly, the lead adsorption stabilized at 1023 ± 20.5 mg·g^–1 with a removal efficiency of > 80% after seven cycles, indicating their potential in heavy metal removal from industrial wastewater.

Keywords rGO Co-doped ZIF-8 heavy metals adsorption aerogel

Corresponding Author(s): Yi Huang

Just Accepted Date: 09 April 2024 Issue Date: 27 May 2024

Cite this article:

Nurul A. Mazlan,Allana Lewis,Fraz Saeed Butt, et al. Bimetallic reduced graphene oxide/zeolitic imidazolate framework hybrid aerogels for efficient heavy metals removal[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2024, 18(8): 89.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-024-2442-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2024/V18/I8/89

Fig.1 Schematic illustration of the fabrication process of bimetallic rGO-PDA/Co-ZIF-8 hybrid aerogel.

Fig.2 Aerogel characterization: (a) XRD pattern spectra at various stages of aerogel preparation, (b) FTIR spectra at various stages of aerogel preparation, (c) TGA curve of rGO-PDA/50Co-ZIF-8 aerogel, and (d) N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherm of rGO, rGO-PDA, rGO-PDA/50Co-ZIF-8 aerogel.

Fig.3 SEM images of the as-synthesized aerogels: (a) rGO, (b) rGO-PDA, (c) rGO-PDA/ZIF-8, (d) rGO-PDA/30Co-ZIF-8, (e) rGO-PDA/50Co-ZIF-8, and (f) rGO-PDA/70Co-ZIF-8. Crystal size distribution on the surface of aerogel at different Co doping concentrations: (g) 30%, (h) 50% Co, and (i) 70%Co. The sizes of the crystals were estimated using ImageJ software.

Fig.4 Characterization of different cobalt doping aerogel: (a) BET analysis, (b) XRD patterns, and (c) FTIR.

Fig.5 The characterization of as-synthesized aerogels at various Co doping after ten days immersion in aqueous solution: (a) XRD patterns, and SEM imaging of (b) rGO-PDA/ZIF-8 aerogel, (c) rGO-PDA/30Co-ZIF-8 aerogel, (d) rGO-PDA/50Co-ZIF aerogel, (e) rGO-PDA/70Co-ZIF aerogel, and (f) rGO-PDA/ZIF-67 aerogel.

Fig.6 Heavy metal adsorption performance of the as-synthesized aerogels: (a) adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of different types of aerogels, (b) adsorption capacity and removal efficiency in different pH environments, (c) zeta potential at different pH, and (d) adsorption capacity and removal efficiency at different initial concentrations for 3D rGO-PDA/50-ZIF-8 aerogel.

Tab.1 Kinetic parameters for different concentrations of lead

Fig.7 Adsorption kinetics of rGO-PDA/50Co-ZIF-8: (a) PFO model, and (b) PSO model. Adsorption isotherm of rGO-PDA/50Co-ZIF-8: (c) Langmuir model, and (d) Freundlich model at initial concentration of 10, 50, 100, 200, 300, 500 mg·L^–1.

Fig.8 Illustration of Pb(II) adsorption mechanism on rGO-PDA/50Co-ZIF-8 aerogel.

Fig.9 Regeneration of rGO-PDA/50Co-ZIF-8 aerogel: (a) cyclic adsorption performance, (b) EDX spectra, (c) SEM imaging, and (d, e) EDS mapping of Co and Zn after 7 cycles of adsorption.

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