Multifunctional carbon materials from rugose rose for energy storage and water purification

doi:10.1007/s11705-024-2447-8

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2024, Vol. 18

Issue (9) : 97 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-024-2447-8

Multifunctional carbon materials from rugose rose for energy storage and water purification

Peng-Hui Li^1,², Hui Zhou^3,⁴, Wen-Juan Wu^1,²(

)

¹. Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
². College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
³. College of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
⁴. State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Shanghai 200237, China

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Abstract

With the advancement of social process, the resource problem is becoming more prominent, biomass materials come into being, and it is becoming more and more important to explore and prepare efficient and multifunctional biomass materials to alleviate the problems of energy storage and water pollution. In this paper, nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon materials (NRRC) were produced by one-step carbonization of withered rose as raw material and melamine as nitrogen source with KOH-activated porosification. The resulting nitrogen-doped porous carbon material had the most abundant pores and the best microspherical graded pore structure, with a specific surface area of up to 1393 m²·g^–1, a pore volume of 0.68 cm³·g^–1, and a nitrogen-doped content of 5.52%. Electrochemical tests showed that the maximum specific capacitance of NRRC in the three-electrode system was 346.4 F·g^–1 (0.5 A·g^–1), which was combined with favorable capacitance retention performance and cycling stability. The NRRC//NRRC symmetric supercapacitors were further assembled, and the maximum energy density of a single device was 23.88 Wh·kg^–1, which still maintains excellent capacitance retention and cyclic charging/discharging stability. For example, the capacitance retention rate was always close to 96.27% with almost negligible capacitance loss after 10000 consecutive charge/discharge cycles (current density: 10 A·g^–1). Regardless of the three-electrode or two-electrode system, the super capacitive performance of NRRC porous carbon materials was comparable to the electrochemical performance of many reported biomass porous carbon materials, which showed better energy storage advantages and practical application potential. In addition, NRRC porous carbon materials had excellent water purification ability. The dye adsorption test confirmed that NRRC had a high adsorption capacity (491.47 mg·g^–1) for methylene blue. This undoubtedly also showed a potential and promising avenue for high value-added utilization of this material.

Keywords rose carbon adsorption electrode material electrochemical performance

Corresponding Author(s): Wen-Juan Wu

Just Accepted Date: 19 April 2024 Issue Date: 27 June 2024

Cite this article:

Peng-Hui Li,Hui Zhou,Wen-Juan Wu. Multifunctional carbon materials from rugose rose for energy storage and water purification[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2024, 18(9): 97.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-024-2447-8
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2024/V18/I9/97

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of nitrogen doped porous carbon synthesis for NRRC.

Fig.2 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. (a) Rose petal; (b–d) NRRC; element mapping (e–g) of C, N and O in NRRC; (h) elemental distribution.

Fig.3 TEM images (a) RRC; (b) NRRC (purple circles indicate pore structure); (c–f) higher magnification images of NRRC (black arrows indicate graphite-like layer structures, blue arrows indicate nanopore-like structures and the inset in 3(f) displays the corresponding SAED patterns).

Fig.4 Physical properties of RRC and NRRC. (a) XRD patterns; (b) Raman spectra; (c) adsorption/desorption isotherms measured with nitrogen at ?196 °C (inset is the pore size distribution); (e) inferred chemical structure of NRRC (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [40], copyright 2019, Academic Press Inc.); (d) XPS survey spectra; and the high-resolution XPS spectra of (f) C 1s, (g) O 1?s, and (h) N 1?s of NRRC.

Fig.5 Electrochemical performance of the NRRC and RRC in 6.0?mol·L^–1 KOH aqueous electrolyte in a three-electrode system. (a) Comparison of the CV curves at 10?mV·s^–1; ?(b) CV curves of NRRC at different scan rates; (c) GCD curves of NRRC at different current densities; (d) the specific capacitance at different current densities; (e) the enlarged Nyquist plots (the inset is the equivalent circuit diagram of the NRRC); (f) cycling stability of NRRC after 10000 cycles at 10?A·g^–1 (the inset is the physical diagram of a button cell lighting up an LED). Electrochemical performance of the NRRC in 6.0? mol·L^–1 KOH aqueous electrolyte in a two-electrode system; (g) CV curves of NRRC at different scan rates; (h) GCD curves of NRRC at different current densities; (i) the specific capacitance at different current densities; (j) Ragone plot of NRRC device in the symmetric system.

Fig.6 (a) Effect of contact time on the adsorption of MB adsorbed by NRRC and RRC; (b) effect of initial dye concentration on the adsorption of MB adsorbed by NRRC and RRC; (c) effect of NRRC dosage on the adsorption of MB adsorbed by NRRC; (d) comparison of the adsorption capacity of NRRC for MB, RhB and MO; (e) fitting plot of pseudo-first order model ln(q_e–q_t) against time; (f) fitting plot of the pseudo-second order model t/q_t against time; (g) fitting plots of q_t against lnt for Elovich kinetic model; (h) fitting plot of q_t against t^0.5 for intraparticle diffusion model; linear fitting plots of (i) Langmuir, (j) Freundlich, (k) Temkin, and (l) Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models for the adsorption of MB onto NRRC.

Fig.7 (a–c) SEM images of NRRC after adsorption of MB; (d) proposed adsorption mechanism of MB on NRRC.

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