Water infrastructure protection against intentional attacks: An experience in Italy

doi:10.1007/s11707-011-0208-8

Front Earth Sci

0, Vol.

Issue () : 390-399 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-011-0208-8

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Water infrastructure protection against intentional attacks: An experience in Italy

Cristiana Di Cristo(

), Angelo Leopardi, Giovanni de Marinis

Water Engineering Laboratory (L.I.A.), Department of Mechanics, Structures and Environmental Engineering (DiMSAT), University of Cassino, Cassino (Fr) 03043, Italy

Download: PDF(404 KB) HTML
Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks

Abstract

In the last years many interesting studies were devoted to the development of technologies and methodologies for the protection of water supply systems against intentional attacks. However the application to real systems is still limited for different economical and technical reasons. The Water Engineering Laboratory (L.I.A.) of University of Cassino (Italy) was involved in two research projects financed by the European Commission in the framework of the European Programme for Critical Infrastructure Protection (E.P.C.I.P.). Both projects, developed in partnership with a large Italian Water Company, have the common objective of providing guidelines for enhancing security in water supply systems respect to the intentional contamination risk. The final product is represented by the arrangement of a general procedure for protection systems design of water networks. In the paper the procedure is described through the application to two real water systems, characterized by different size and behavior.

Keywords security water distribution systems water quality contamination

Corresponding Author(s): Cristo Cristiana Di,Email:dicristo@unicas.it

Issue Date: 05 December 2011

Cite this article:

Cristiana Di Cristo,Angelo Leopardi,Giovanni de Marinis. Water infrastructure protection against intentional attacks: An experience in Italy[J]. Front Earth Sci, 0, (): 390-399.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-011-0208-8
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y0/V/I/390

Fig.1 Map of the Sorrento Peninsula Water Supply System (SPWSS)

Fig.2 Time history of the concentration, water demand and solute mass in the three nodes Bonea, Meta and Rubinacci

Fig.3 Schematic representation of the dynamic response concept

Fig.4 Picture of a standard installation of the monitoring system

Fig.5 Scheme of the Vesuvian Water Supply System (VWSS) and location of the zone used for the source location test

Fig.6 Detail of the zone used for the source location test, with the indication of the sensors and of the intrusion point

1	Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry (ATSDR) (2005). Public Health Assessment Guidance Manual (Update)
2	ASCE, AWWA, WEF (2004). Interim voluntary guidelines for designing an online contaminant monitoring system, ASCE, Reston, USA
3	ASCE, AWWA (2006). Guidelines for Physical Security of Water Utilities
4	Clark R M, Geldreich E E, Fox K R, Rice E W, Johnson C W, Goodrich J A, Barnick J A, Abdesaken F (1996). Tracking a Salmonella servor Typhimurium outbreak in Gideon, Missouri: Role of contaminant propagation modelling. Journal of Water Supply: Research & Technology , 45(4): 171–183
5	Di Cristo C, Leopardi A (2008). Pollution source identification of accidental contamination in water distribution networks. J Water Resour Plan Manage , 134(2): 197–202 doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2008)134:2(197)
6	Di Cristo C, Leopardi A, de Marinis G (2011). Water infrastructure protection against intentional attacks: The experience of two European Research Projects. In: Clark R M, Hakim S, Ostfeld A, eds. Handbook of Water and Wastewater Systems Protection , 397–418 Springer. 9781461401889
7	Lee B H, Deininger R A (1992). Optimal location of monitoring stations in water distribution system. J Environ Eng , 118(1): 4–16 doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1992)118:1(4)
8	Nilsson K A, Buchberger S G, Clark R M (2005). Simulating exposures to deliberate intrusions into water distribution systems. J Water Resour Plan Manage , 131(3): 228–236 doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2005)131:3(228)
9	Ostfeld A, Uber J G, Salomons E, Berry J W, Hart W E, Phillips C A, Watson J P, Dorini G, Jonkergouw P, Kapelan Z, Di Pierro F, Khu S T, Savic D, Eliades D, Polycarpou M, Ghimire S R, Barkdoll B D, Gueli R, Huang J J, McBean E A, James W, Krause A, Leskovec J, Isovitsch S, Xu J, Guestrin C, VanBriesen J, Small M, Fischbeck P, Preis A, Propato M, Piller O, Trachtman G B, Wu Z Y, Walski T (2008). The battle of the water sensor networks (BWSN): A design challenge for engineers and algorithms. J Water Resour Plan Manage , 134(6): 556–568 doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(2008)134:6(556)
10	Rescher N (1983). A Philosophical Introduction to the Theory of Risk Evaluation and Measurement. Lanham, MD: University Press of America
11	Rossman L A (2000). Epanet2 Users Manual. Risk Reduction Engrg. Lab., US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, USA
12	Walski T M, Brill E D, Gessler J, Goulter I C, Jeppson R M, Lansey K, Lee H L, Liebman J C, Mays L, Morgan D R, Ormsbee L (1987). Battle of the network models: Epilogue. J Water Resour Plan Manage , 113(2): 191–203 doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1987)113:2(191)

[1]	Jing YE, Zhijie HOU, Haiyan MING, Yehuai CHENG. Ecological security pattern-based simulation for land use structure change: a case study in Ezhou City, China[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2021, 15(3): 526-542.
[2]	Melinda LAITURI. The hydrosocial cycle in rapidly urbanizing watersheds[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2020, 14(2): 256-267.
[3]	Han JIA, Yongming SHEN, Meirong SU, Chunxue YU. Numerical simulation of hydrodynamic and water quality effects of shoreline changes in Bohai Bay[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2018, 12(3): 625-639.
[4]	Libin CHEN, Zhifeng YANG, Haifei LIU. Sensitivity analysis for the total nitrogen pollution of the Danjiangkou Reservoir based on a 3-D water quality model[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2017, 11(4): 609-619.
[5]	Ellen WOHL. The significance of small streams[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2017, 11(3): 447-456.
[6]	Hui ZHANG, Qiao WANG, Guangyu LI, Hanpei ZHANG, Jue ZHANG. Losses of Ecosystem Service Values in the Taihu Lake Basin from 1979 to 2010[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2017, 11(2): 310-320.
[7]	Meilin WU, Youshao WANG, Junde DONG, Fulin SUN, Yutu WANG, Yiguo HONG. Spatial assessment of water quality using chemometrics in the Pearl River Estuary, China[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2017, 11(1): 114-126.
[8]	Yintao LU,Changyuan TANG,Jianyao CHEN,Hong YAO. Assessment of major ions and heavy metals in groundwater: a case study from Guangzhou and Zhuhai of the Pearl River Delta, China[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2016, 10(2): 340-351.
[9]	Haishun XU, Liang CHEN, Bing ZHAO, Qiuzhuo ZHANG, Yongli CAI. Green stormwater infrastructure eco-planning and development on the regional scale: a case study of Shanghai Lingang New City, East China[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2016, 10(2): 366-377.
[10]	He ZHANG, Fulu TAO, Dengpan XIAO, Wenjiao SHI, Fengshan LIU, Shuai ZHANG, Yujie LIU, Meng WANG, Huizi BAI. Contributions of climate, varieties, and agronomic management to rice yield change in the past three decades in China[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2016, 10(2): 315-327.
[11]	Fangbing MA,Chunhui LI,Xuan WANG,Zhifeng YANG,Chengchun SUN,Peiyu LIANG. A Bayesian method for comprehensive water quality evaluation of the Danjiangkou Reservoir water source area, for the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2014, 8(2): 242-250.
[12]	Yangmin QIN, Bertrand FOURNIER, Enrique LARA, Yansheng GU, Hongmei WANG, Yongde CUI, Xiaoke ZHANG, Edward A. D. MITCHELL. Relationships between testate amoeba communities and water quality in Lake Donghu, a large alkaline lake in Wuhan, China[J]. Front Earth Sci, 2013, 7(2): 182-190.
[13]	Le FENG, Deguan WANG, Bin CHEN. Water quality modeling for a tidal river network: A case study of the Suzhou River[J]. Front Earth Sci, 2011, 5(4): 428-431.
[14]	Jing DAI, Jing QI, Jingjing CHI, Shaoqing CHEN, Jin YANG, Liping JU, Bin CHEN, . Integrated water resource security evaluation of Beijing based on GRA and TOPSIS[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2010, 4(3): 357-362.

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed