Alternative industrial carbon emissions benchmark based on input-output analysis

doi:10.1007/s11707-016-0574-3

Front. Earth Sci.

2016, Vol. 10

Issue (4) : 731-739 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-016-0574-3

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Alternative industrial carbon emissions benchmark based on input-output analysis

Mengyao HAN, Xi JI³(

)

¹. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chineses Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
². College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
³. School of Economics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

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Abstract

Some problems exist in the current carbon emissions benchmark setting systems. The primary consideration for industrial carbon emissions standards highly relate to direct carbon emissions (power-related emissions) and only a portion of indirect emissions are considered in the current carbon emissions accounting processes. This practice is insufficient and may cause double counting to some extent due to mixed emission sources. To better integrate and quantify direct and indirect carbon emissions, an embodied industrial carbon emissions benchmark setting method is proposed to guide the establishment of carbon emissions benchmarks based on input-output analysis. This method attempts to link direct carbon emissions with inter-industrial economic exchanges and systematically quantifies carbon emissions embodied in total product delivery chains. The purpose of this study is to design a practical new set of embodied intensity-based benchmarks for both direct and indirect carbon emissions. Beijing, at the first level of carbon emissions trading pilot schemes in China, plays a significant role in the establishment of these schemes and is chosen as an example in this study. The newly proposed method tends to relate emissions directly to each responsibility in a practical way through the measurement of complex production and supply chains and reduce carbon emissions from their original sources. This method is expected to be developed under uncertain internal and external contexts and is further expected to be generalized to guide the establishment of industrial benchmarks for carbon emissions trading schemes in China and other countries.

Keywords emissions trading scheme benchmarking carbon emissions input-output analysis

Corresponding Author(s): Xi JI

Just Accepted Date: 25 April 2016 Online First Date: 09 May 2016 Issue Date: 04 November 2016

Cite this article:

Mengyao HAN,Xi JI. Alternative industrial carbon emissions benchmark based on input-output analysis[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2016, 10(4): 731-739.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-016-0574-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2016/V10/I4/731

Fig.1 Emission flows for a typical sector at an urban economy.

No.	Sector content	Abbreviation	Embodied intensity /(kg CO₂·10E–4 CNY)
1	Agriculture, Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fishery	Agriculture	741.68
2	Coal Mining and Dressing	Coal Mining	1086.57
3	Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction	Petroleum Extraction	204.91
4	Metal Mineral Mining and Dressing	Metal Mineral Mining	798.36
5	Non-metallic Mineral and Other Mineral Mining and Dressing	Non-metallic Mineral Mining	350.99
6	Food and Tobacco	Food	623.10
7	Textiles Products	Textiles	723.38
8	Wearing Apparel, Leather, Fur, Feather and Related Products	Wearing	559.32
9	Wood Processing Products	Wood Products	632.13
10	Paper Processing, Printing, Education and Sports Products Processing	Paper Processing	581.50
11	Petroleum, Coking and Nuclear Fuel Processing	Petroleum	341.40
12	Chemical Products	Chemicals	482.18
13	Non-metallic Mineral Processing	Non-metallic Mineral Processing	619.25
14	Metal Smelting and Pressing	Metal Smelting	796.94
15	Metal Products	Metal Products	731.37
16	General Equipment	General Equipment	595.64
17	Special Equipment	Special Equipment	594.54
18	Transport Equipment	Transport Equipment	530.62
19	Electrical Equipment and Machinery	Electrical Equipment	610.66
20	Telecommunication Equipment, Computers and Other Electronic Equipment	Electronic Equipment	587.87
21	Instruments and Meters	Instruments	532.30
22	Other Manufacturing Products	Other Products	625.60
23	Waste	Waste	263.95
24	Services for Metal Products, Machinery and Equipment Repair	Repair	487.31
25	Electricity and Heat Production and Supply	Electricity and Heat	2618.32
26	Gas Production and Supply	Gas	364.69
27	Water Production and Supply	Water	638.94
28	Construction	Construction	558.83
29	Wholesale and Retail	Wholesale and Retail	277.50
30	Transport, Storage and Post	Transport	1113.77
31	Hotels and Restaurants	Accommodation and Catering	510.16
32	Telecommunication, Software and Information Technology Services	Telecommunication	299.72
33	Finance	Finance	196.37
34	Real Estate	Real Estate	269.81
35	Rental and Business Services	Rental	282.64
36	Scientific Research and Technology Services	Research	406.27
37	Hydropower, Environment and Public Equipment Management	Public Management	477.61
38	Residential Services, Repair and Other Services	Other Services	393.88
39	Education	Education	303.22
40	Health and Social Work	Health	404.31
41	Culture, Sports and Recreation	Culture	393.75
42	Public Administration, Social Security and Social Organizations	Public Administration	381.64

Tab.1 Embodied CO₂ emissions intensities

No.	Industry	Sub-class	Units	Advanced intensity
No.	Industry	Sub-class	Units	Advanced intensity
1	Beer		kg CO₂/ kL	162.56
2	Manufacture of Paper Products		kg CO₂/10E4 CNY	88.39
3	Manufacture of Beverages		kg CO₂/10E4 CNY	110.06
4	Manufacture of Non-Metallic Mineral Products	Non-Metallic Mineral Products	kg CO₂/10E4 CNY	46.97
4	Manufacture of Non-Metallic Mineral Products	Non-Metallic Materials	kg CO₂/10E4 CNY	261.77
5	High Schools and Engineering Technology Research and Development	Science, Engineering and Comprehensive Type	kg CO₂/m²	33.42
		Literary, Historical, Financial, Normal , Political and Legal Type	kg CO₂/m²	33.32
		Vocational High Schools and Specialized Institutions	kg CO₂/m²	24.38
		Engineering Technology	kg CO₂/m²	46.94
6	Manufacture of Metal Products		kg CO₂/10E4 CNY	101.87
7	Manufacture of Parts and Accessories of Automobiles and Railroads		kg CO₂/10E4 CNY	10.22
8	Automobiles ^a)	Standard Sedan	kg CO₂/unit	410.91
		Sedan Limousine and SUVs	kg CO₂/unit	1094.02
		Medium and Heavy-duty Trucks	kg CO₂/unit	881.18
		Multi-functional Car	kg CO₂/unit	410.53
9	Retail Trade and Government Organizations	Government Organizations	kg CO₂/m²	42.28
		Commodity Retail Trade	kg CO₂/m²	79.24
		Supermarket Retail Trade	kg CO₂/m²	60.70
10	Heat Power		kg CO₂/GJ	62.11
11	Finance		kg CO₂/m²	52.60
12	Hotels and Restaurants	Hotels	kg CO₂/m²	49.05
12	Hotels and Restaurants	Restaurants	kg CO₂/m²	285.50
13	Electric Power	Heat Supply	kg CO₂/GJ	59.78
		Power Supply E-class<=0.3	kg CO₂/MWh	368.30
		Power Supply E-class>0.3	kg CO₂/MWh	341.15
		Power Supply F-class<=0.3	kg CO₂/MWh	345.49
		Power Supply F-class>0.3	kg CO₂/MWh	312.37
14	Other Services	Real Estate and Business Services	kg CO₂/m²	29.13
14	Other Services	Culture and Sports	kg CO₂/m²	57.88
15	Manufacture of Electrical Equipment, Machinery, Computers, Communication and Other Electronic Equipment	Manufacture of Optoelectronic Devices and Other Electronic Devices	kg CO₂/10E4 CNY	267.93
		Manufacture of Electronic Devices and Components	kg CO₂/10E4 CNY	319.20
		Other Electronic and Electrical Products	kg CO₂/10E4 CNY	182.49
16	Medical Institutes		kg CO₂/m²	73.47
17	Information Transmission	Telecommunication	kg CO₂/10E4 CNY	137.93
17	Information Transmission	Other Enterprises	kg CO₂/m²	55.46
18	Manufacture of Food		kg CO₂/10E4 CNY	73.35
19	Manufacture of Chinese Traditional Medicines		kg CO₂/10E4 CNY	131.95
20	Manufacture of Western Medicines		kg CO₂/10E4 CNY	109.22
21	Manufacture of Raw Chemical Materials and Chemical Products		kg CO₂/10E4 CNY	569.31
22	Processing of Farm and Sideline Products		kg CO₂/10E4 CNY	116.21
23	Property Management		kg CO₂/10E4 CNY	484.73

Tab.2 Standard industrial CO₂ emissions intensities

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