Local-scale systems input-output analysis of embodied water for the Beijing economy in 2007

doi:10.1007/s11707-014-0430-2

Front. Earth Sci.

2014, Vol. 8

Issue (3) : 414-426 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-014-0430-2

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Local-scale systems input-output analysis of embodied water for the Beijing economy in 2007

Mengyao HAN¹,Shan GUO²,Hui CHEN³,Xi JI^4,^*(

),Jiashuo LI^1,^*(

)

1. College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
2. Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
3. Guangdong Huianhengda Management Consulting Co. Ltd, Guangzhou 510080, China
4. School of Economics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

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Abstract

Using the most detailed and recent statistics available for Beijing, a local-scale embodiment analysis on water use was conducted, employing a systems input-output analysis that integrates economic systems with natural resources data. Systems analysis for water research at the local scale is a crucial part of a systems oriented water accounting framework. To our knowledge, however, related works have not been thoroughly conducted. In this paper, a set of embodied water intensity inventory data is presented, which is applicable to both intermediate input and final demand. Also, detailed analyses of Beijing’s embodied water use accounting are presented. The embodied water intensity of the Water Production and Supply Industry Sector turns out to be the highest among the 42 sectors. For water embodied in final demand, the total amount is 3.48 km³, of which the water embodied in urban household consumption makes up nearly a half proportion. As a net virtual water importer, Beijing’s water embodied in commodity trade totals 5.84×10⁸ m³. As a result, in addition to improvements in technology and water use efficiency, adjustments in industrial structure and trade policies are also of significant importance to water conservation efforts.

Keywords input-output analysis Beijing embodied water intensity virtual water trade

Corresponding Author(s): Xi JI

Issue Date: 04 July 2014

Cite this article:

Mengyao HAN,Shan GUO,Hui CHEN, et al. Local-scale systems input-output analysis of embodied water for the Beijing economy in 2007[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2014, 8(3): 414-426.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-014-0430-2
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2014/V8/I3/414

Tab.1 Basic structure of systems input-output table

Fig.1 Embodied water flows for a typical sector in an urban economy.

Tab.2 Sectoral distribution of direct external water resources (freshwater) inputs for Beijing economy 2007 (unit: m³)

Tab.3 Sectors from Beijing’s economic input-output table 2007

Code	Sector	Agricultural extracted	Water plant extracted	Total
1	Farming, Forestry, Animal Husbandry, Fishery and Water Conservancy(Agriculture)	265.50	5.35	270.85
2	Coal Mining and Dressing	0.57	1.53	2.10
3	Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction	0.06	0.65	0.71
4	Ferrous and Nonferrous Metals Mining and Dressing	0.06	0.22	0.29
5	Nonmetal and Other Minerals Mining and Dressing	0.06	0.24	0.30
6	Food Processing, Food Production, Beverage Production, Tobacco Processing	39.21	5.54	44.75
7	Textile Industry	4.10	2.87	6.97
8	Garments and Other Fiber Products, Leather, Furs, Down and Related Products	0.78	2.29	3.07
9	Timber Processing, Bamboo, Cane, Palm and Straw Products, Furniture Manufacturing	2.14	5.55	7.69
10	Papermaking and Paper Products, Printing and Record Medium Reproduction, Cultural, Educational and Sports Articles	1.09	5.55	6.63
11	Petroleum Processing and Coking, Gas Production and Supply	0.13	2.63	2.76
12	Raw Chemical Materials and Chemical Products, Medical and Pharmaceutical Products, Chemical Fiber, Rubber Products, Plastic Products (Chemical Products Related Industry)	5.30	4.29	9.59
13	Nonmetal Mineral Products	0.46	4.19	4.65
14	Smelting and Pressing of Ferrous and Nonferrous Metals	0.11	0.82	0.93
15	Metal Products	0.28	3.26	3.53
16	Ordinary Machinery, Equipment for Special Purpose	0.52	9.55	10.07
17	Transportation Equipment	0.55	4.03	4.58
18	Electric Equipment and Machinery	0.37	4.93	5.30
19	Electronic and Telecommunications Equipment	0.43	4.16	4.60
20	Instruments, Meters Cultural and Office Machinery	0.50	4.78	5.27
21	Manufacture of Artwork and Other Manufactures	0.28	1.34	1.62
22	Waste	0.08	0.76	0.84
23	Electric Power/Steam and Hot Water Production and Supply	0.29	8.64	8.92
24	Gas Production and Supply Industry	0.22	2.71	2.92
25	Water Production and Supply Industry	1.69	6536.67	6538.36
26	Construction Industry	1.31	8.43	9.75
27	Transport and Storage	0.54	7.45	7.99
28	Post	0.64	12.56	13.19
29	Information Transmission, Computer services and Software	0.85	4.62	5.47
30	Wholesale, Retail Trade	1.31	3.12	4.44
31	Hotels, Catering Service	16.72	16.94	33.66
32	Financial Industry	1.08	4.06	5.14
33	Real Estate	1.52	12.04	13.56
34	Leasing and Commercial Services	4.83	4.74	9.57
35	Research and Experimental Development	6.31	14.97	21.29
36	Polytechnic Services	2.25	6.29	8.54
37	Water conservancy, Environment and Public Facilities Management	14.42	32.87	47.29
38	Service to Households and Other Service	6.64	14.96	21.60
39	Education	5.36	21.65	27.02
40	Health, Social Security and Social Welfare	3.01	14.84	17.85
41	Culture, Sports and Entertainment	2.65	10.02	12.68
42	Public Management and Social Organization	2.58	11.70	14.28

Tab.4 Embodied water intensities by Sector for the Beijing economy 2007 (unit: m³/(10⁴ CNY))

Fig.2 Embodied water intensities of 42 sectors.

Fig.3 The components of embodied water by final demand category.

Fig.4 Water embodied in final demand by sector.

Fig.5 Water embodied in final demand by industry.

Fig.6 Water embodied in exports.

Fig.7 Water embodied in imports.

Fig.8 Water embodied in trade balance.

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