Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai: the spatio-temporal variation and source identification

doi:10.1007/s11707-016-0613-0

Front. Earth Sci.

2018, Vol. 12

Issue (1) : 63-71 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-016-0613-0

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai: the spatio-temporal variation and source identification

Chen CHENG^1,², Chunjuan BI¹, Dongqi WANG¹(

), Zhongjie YU³, Zhenlou CHEN¹

¹. School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
². Shanghai Environment Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200232, China
³. Department of Geology and Planetary Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA15217, USA

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Abstract

This study investigated the dry and wet deposition fluxes of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai, China. The flux sources were traced based on composition and spatio-temporal variation. The results show that wet deposition concentrations of PAHs ranged from 0.07 to 0.67 mg·L^–1 and were correlated with temperature (P<0.05). Dry deposition of PAHs concentrations ranged from 3.60–92.15 mg·L^–1 and were higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. The annual PAH average fluxes were 0.631 mg·m^–2·d^–1 and 4.06 mg·m^–2·d^–1 for wet and dry deposition, respectively. The highest wet deposition of PAH fluxes was observed in summer, while dry deposition fluxes were higher in winter and spring. Atmospheric PAHs were deposited as dry deposition in spring and winter, yet wet deposition was the dominant pathway during summer. Total atmospheric PAH fluxes were higher in the northern areas than in the southern areas of Shanghai, and were also observed to be higher in winter and spring. Annual deposition of atmospheric PAHs was about 10.8 t in across all of Shanghai. Wet deposition of PAHs was primarily composed of two, three, or four rings, while dry deposition of PAHs was composed of four, five, or six rings. The atmospheric PAHs, composed of four, five, or six rings, primarily existed in the form of particulates. Coal combustion and vehicle emissions were the dominant sources of PAH in the observed area of downtown Shanghai. In suburban areas, industrial pollution, from sources such as coke oven, incinerator, and oil fired power plant, was as significant as vehicle emissions in contributing to the deposition of PAHs.

Keywords PAHs dry and wet deposition temporal and spatial variation Shanghai

Corresponding Author(s): Dongqi WANG

Just Accepted Date: 01 December 2016 Online First Date: 30 December 2016 Issue Date: 23 January 2018

Cite this article:

Chen CHENG,Chunjuan BI,Dongqi WANG, et al. Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Shanghai: the spatio-temporal variation and source identification[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2018, 12(1): 63-71.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-016-0613-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2018/V12/I1/63

Fig.1 Map of the research region and a collection of sampling sites 2.2.

Tab.1 Wet deposition and dry deposition fluxes in Shanghai from Nov. 2010 to Oct. 2011

Fig.2 Monthly variation of PAH concentrations in wet deposition.

Fig.3 Monthly variation of PAH concentrations in dry deposition.

Fig.4 Spatial variation of PAH concentrations in wet deposition at all sampling sites.

Fig.5 Spatial variation of PAH concentrations in dry deposition of all sampling sites.

Tab.2 Fluxes of the ∑PAHs in wet deposition and dry deposition in Shanghai from Nov. 2010 to Oct. 2011

Fig.6 The temporal and spatial variation of total deposition fluxes of PAHs (dry and wet).

Tab.3 The Pearson correlation coefficient between the temperature and the ∑PAHs in wet deposition

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