Magnetic evidence for heavy metal pollution of topsoil in Shanghai, China

doi:10.1007/s11707-017-0624-5

Front. Earth Sci.

2018, Vol. 12

Issue (1) : 125-133 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-017-0624-5

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Magnetic evidence for heavy metal pollution of topsoil in Shanghai, China

Guan WANG^1,²(

), Yuan LIU³, Jiao CHEN¹, Feifan REN⁴, Yuying CHEN¹, Fangzhou YE³, Weiguo ZHANG²

¹. School of Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
². State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
³. Department of Geography, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
⁴. Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

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Abstract

This study presents the results obtained from magnetic susceptibility and heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cr) concentration measurements of soil profiles collected from arable land and urban parks in Baoshan District, an industrial district of Shanghai, China. The study focuses on the investigation of vertical variations in magnetic susceptibilities and heavy metal concentrations and on correlations between magnetic susceptibilities and heavy metal concentrations in soil profiles. The results demonstrate that magnetic enhancement in the surface layer of the soil profile is associated with increased heavy metal pollution. The enrichment factors (EF) and the Tomlinson Pollution Load Index (PLI-EF) are calculated for estimating the level of heavy metal pollution of soil profiles in the study. The significant positive correlations between heavy metal contents, enrichment factors (EF), Tomlinson pollution load index (PLI-CF), modified Tomlinson pollution load index (PLI-EF), and magnetic susceptibility ( c) indicate that much of the heavy metal contamination in the study area is linked to combustion derived particulate emissions. The results confirm that the combined magnetic measurement and heavy metal concentration analysis could provide useful information for soil monitoring in urban environments. However, the use of magnetic technique to locate the heavy metal pollution boundary in the soil profile of this studied area should be confirmed by further geochemical analysis.

Keywords soil pollution magnetic susceptibility heavy metals Shanghai

Corresponding Author(s): Guan WANG

Just Accepted Date: 09 January 2017 Online First Date: 28 February 2017 Issue Date: 23 January 2018

Cite this article:

Guan WANG,Yuan LIU,Jiao CHEN, et al. Magnetic evidence for heavy metal pollution of topsoil in Shanghai, China[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2018, 12(1): 125-133.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-017-0624-5
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2018/V12/I1/125

Fig.1 Map showing Shanghai and the soil sampling sites in Baoshan District.

Fig.2 Vertical distribution of magnetic susceptibility (c) in soil profiles. The symbols ★ and ☆ represent soil samples from the top 25 cm layer and those below 25 cm, respectively.

Tab.1 Magnetic susceptibility (10^?⁸ m³·kg^?¹) of three soil cores

Fig.3 Down core variations of heavy metal contents in soil profiles.

Tab.2 Heavy metal contents (mg/kg) and CF values of three sites soils

Fig.4 Down core variations of heavy metal enrichment factor (EF) values in soil profiles. The red EF value of 1.5 marks the pollution criteria.

Tab.3 Correlation coefficients between c and heavy metal contents, EF values, PLI?CF and PLI?EF

Fig.5 Scatter plots of c versus EF value of heavy metals, Tomlinson pollution load index (PLI-CF), and modified Tomlinson pollution load index (PLI-EF).

Tab.4 Comparison of c and heavy metal contents of soil profiles in Shanghai with other industrial soils in China

Fig.6 Comparison of the soil magnetic susceptibility profiles of Shanghai with those from other regions. (a) soil profile from Linjiang Park; (b) soil profile from Yuepu Park; (c) soil profile from the vegetable field; (d) soil profile from Luoyang (Lu et al., 2007); (e) soil profile from Nanjing (Duan et al., 2009); (f) soil profile from Xuzhou (Wang and Sun, 2008).

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