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Frontiers of Earth Science

ISSN 2095-0195

ISSN 2095-0209(Online)

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Front. Earth Sci.    2020, Vol. 14 Issue (3) : 493-511    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-019-0758-8
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Computational investigation on hydrodynamic and sediment transport responses influenced by reclamation projects in the Meizhou Bay, China
Gefei DENG2, Yongming SHEN1,2(), Changping LI3, Jun TANG2
1. Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
3. Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
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Abstract

Reclamation projects are the main method of coastal exploitation, and the hydrodynamic environmental effect, together with the sediment transport response of the reclamation project, is important to the project’s site selection and environmental protection. Herein, a 3D numerical model based on the finite volume community ocean model (FVCOM) is applied to simulate the changes in the Meizhou Bay’s hydrodynamic environment and sediment transport after a reclamation project. The reclamation project greatly alters the shape of the shoreline and narrows the bay, leading to a significant change in its hydrodynamic environment and sediment transport. After the project, the clockwise coastal residual current in the corner above the Meizhou Island gradually disappears. An obvious counter-clockwise coastal residual current emerges around the rectangular corner. The tidal prism decreases by 0.65 × 109 and 0.44 × 109 m3 in the spring and neap tides, respectively. The residence time presents a major increase. These changes lead to the weakening of the water exchange capacity and the reduction of the self-purification capacity of the bay. Currents in the tidal channel weaken, whilst currents in the horizontal channel strengthen. The strength and scope of particle trajectories around the horizontal channel and the Meizhou Island enhance. The suspended sediment concentration (SSC) increases in the majority of the Meizhou Bay but decreases in the lateral bay. The eastern corner of Z2 shows a tendency to erode. The western region of the Meizhou Island, the upper portion of the rectangular corner and the western corner of Z4 show a tendency to deposit. The reclamation project increases the maximum storm surges by 0.06 m and decreases the maximum significant wave heights by 0.09 m.
Keywords Meizhou Bay      FVCOM+SWAN      reclamation project      hydrodynamic environment      SSC      typhoon     
Corresponding Author(s): Yongming SHEN   
Just Accepted Date: 06 June 2019   Online First Date: 14 November 2019    Issue Date: 04 December 2020
 Cite this article:   
Gefei DENG,Yongming SHEN,Changping LI, et al. Computational investigation on hydrodynamic and sediment transport responses influenced by reclamation projects in the Meizhou Bay, China[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2020, 14(3): 493-511.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-019-0758-8
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2020/V14/I3/493
Fig.1  The topography in the Meizhou Bay.
Fig.2  Triangular mesh of the larger model.
Fig.3  Verifications of tidal level at various stations. (a) Meizhou 2005; (b) Shantou 2005.
Fig.4  Verifications of monthly average salinity (a, b, c) and temperature at various stations (d, e, f).
Station Longitude Latitude M2 S2 K1 O1
H/m g/(° ) H/m g/(° ) H/m g/(° ) H/m g/(° )
Nanao 117.02°E 23.47°N −0.13 −0.98 0.00 −57.56 −0.06 12.79 0.00 8.19
Dongshan 117.57°E 23.75°N 0.01 7.86 0.15 −2.97 −0.05 9.72 0.00 3.81
Futouwan 117.87°E 23.92°N 0.12 0.71 0.26 −0.81 −0.02 3.41 0.02 4.49
Jinmen 118.17°E 24.38°N 0.01 25.38 0.21 0.81 −0.02 0.62 0.01 6.56
Weitou 118.57°E 24.53°N −0.23 14.32 0.05 −7.46 −0.09 −8.02 −0.06 −1.33
Jiangjunao 119.52°E 23.37°N −0.05 19.69 0.06 0.83 −0.01 −2.83 0.01 3.45
Magong 119.55°E 23.55°N −0.05 17.94 0.18 0.30 0.00 −3.05 0.02 0.61
Xinhuawan 119.58°E 25.33°N 0.02 22.57 0.09 −6.93 −0.05 −1.49 −0.02 0.90
Baishadao 119.60°E 23.73°N −0.03 17.31 0.17 1.76 −0.01 −3.62 0.01 0.60
Kouhu 120.17°E 23.70°N −0.02 20.73 0.11 −7.28 0.02 −7.26 0.03 −5.79
Gaoxiong 120.27°E 22.62°N 0.04 −9.07 0.02 −0.44 −0.04 −6.99 0.00 −9.83
Taizhong 120.55°E 24.33°N 0.06 15.50 0.15 −10.24 0.01 −2.79 0.01 −21.02
Checheng 120.68°E 22.07°N −0.01 2.08 0.02 28.27 −0.02 −7.69 0.01 0.09
Houlong 120.75°E 24.62°N 0.00 10.46 0.09 −19.27 0.00 −4.40 0.01 5.89
Chongwu 118.95°E 24.88°N 0.01 3.43 0.18 5.06 −0.03 −3.56 0.00 4.19
Pingtan 119.83°E 25.47°N −0.03 1.21 0.10 −24.26 −0.05 −9.69 −0.01 −1.54
Jinjiang 118.67°E 24.63°N 0.10 4.39 0.20 −11.23 −0.03 0.36 0.01 12.46
Maximum absolute error 0.23 25.38 0.26 57.56 0.09 12.79 0.06 21.02
Tab.1  Error of the amplitude and phase of the M2, S2, K1and O1 at some stations between the simulated and the published value
Fig.5  Distributions of simulated temperature and salinity around the Meizhou Bay and the Xiamen Bay in the larger model. (a) Temperature distribution in summer; (b) temperature distribution in winter; (c) salinity distribution in summer; (d) salinity distribution in winter.
Fig.6  The high resolution grid within the Meizhou Bay.
Fig.7  Verifications of tidal level and current at various stations.
Fig.8  Verifications of temperature (a,b,c) and salinity (d, e, f) at C3 station.
Fig.9  Verifications of SSC at various stations.
Fig.10  The average SSC distribution in (a) the spring tide and in (b) the neap tide.
Time Central Location Central Pressure /hPa Maximum Wind Speed /(m·s−1)
Longitude Latitude
2010/9/19 0:00 123.7°E 23.9°N 935 52
2010/9/19 6:00 122.3°E 24.0°N 935 52
2010/9/19 12:00 121.0°E 23.2°N 950 45
2010/9/19 18:00 120.0°E 23.1°N 970 35
2010/9/20 0:00 119.3°E 23.5°N 970 35
2010/9/20 6:00 118.1°E 23.8°N 970 35
Tab.2  Information of Typhoon Fanapi (1011) obtained from the Chinese typhoon weather website
Fig.11  Verifications of water level at various stations during Typhoon Fanapi.
Fig.12  The development of storm surges at various stations.
Fig.13  Sketch map of the reclamation project and the location of feature positions.
Fig.14  The tidal level curve of (a) the typical spring tide and (b) the typical neap tide.
Fig.15  Particle trajectory within the Meizhou Bay before and after the reclamation project during the spring and neap tides.
Fig.16  Residual current within the Meizhou Bay before and after the reclamation project during the spring and neap tides. (a) Residual current during spring tide before reclamation; (b) residual current during neap tide before reclamation; (c) residual current during spring tide after reclamation; (d) residual current during neap tide after reclamation.
Fig.17  Tracer’s concentration in five zones at the highest and lowest water level before and after the reclamation project. The first column: at the highest water level before the project. The second column: at the highest water level after the project. The third column: at the lowest water level before the project. The forth column: at the lowest water level after the project.
Reclamation Sea area/km2 Spring tide Neap tide
Tidal prism
/(109 m3)		 Change
/(109 m3)		 Change rate Tidal prism
/(109 m3)		 Change
/(109 m3)		 Change rate
Before 1014.30 5.46 — — 3.31 — —
After 876.98 4.81 −0.65 −13.61% 2.87 −0.44 −15.49%
Tab.3  Statistics and comparison of tidal prism within the Meizhou Bay
Zone Reclamation Spring tide Neap tide
Amplitude
/day		 Change
/day		 Change rate Amplitude
/day		 Change
/day		 Change rate
Z1 Before 14.65 — — 30 — —
After 30 15.35 104.78% 30 — —
Z2 Before 16.97 — — 14.12 — —
After 19.67 2.70 15.91% 15.50 1.38 9.77%
Z3 Before 8.47 — — 12.85 — —
After 16.18 7.71 91.03% 24.53 11.68 90.89%
Z4 Before 22.72 — — 23.72 — —
After 30 7.28 32.04% 30 6.28 26.48%
Z5 Before 8.52 — — 9.31 — —
After 9.73 1.21 14.20% 10.62 1.31 14.07%
Tab.4  Statistics and comparison of residence time in five zones within the Meizhou Bay
Fig.18  The characteristic of sediment transportation in the Meizhou Bay. (a) Distribution of the difference of the average SSC. (b) Sketch map of seabed deformation. Both of them are obtained by subtracting the interested variables (SSC and seabed height) in the original situation from the corresponding variables in the reclamation situation.
Fig.19  The distribution of maximum storm surges and significant wave heights around the Meizhou Bay. (a) Distribution of maximum storm surges before project. (b) Distribution of maximum storm surges after project. (c) Distribution of maximum significant wave heights before project. (d) Distribution of maximum significant wave heights after project.
Reclamation Maximum storm surges Maximum significant wave heights
Amplitude/m Change/m Change rate Amplitude/m Change/m Change rate
Before 2.55 — — 1.91 — —
After 2.61 0.06 2.35% 1.82 −0.09 −4.71%
Tab.5  Statistics and comparison of maximum storm surges and significant wave heights within the Meizhou Bay
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