Water-bearing characteristics and their effects on the nanopores of overmature coal-measure shales in the Wuxiang area of the Qinshui Basin, north China

doi:10.1007/s11707-022-0988-z

Front. Earth Sci.

2023, Vol. 17

Issue (1) : 273-292 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-022-0988-z

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Water-bearing characteristics and their effects on the nanopores of overmature coal-measure shales in the Wuxiang area of the Qinshui Basin, north China

Peng CHENG^1,², Xianming XIAO³(

), Hui TIAN^1,², Jian SUN³, Qizhang FAN³, Haifeng GAI^1,², Tengfei LI^1,²

¹. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
². CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou 510640, China
³. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

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Abstract

In this study, a group of overmature coal-measure shale core samples was collected in situ from an exploration well located in the Wuxiang area of the Qinshui Basin, north China. The pore water contents (C_PW) of the shales under as-received conditions, equilibrium water contents (C_EW) of the shales under moisture equilibrium conditions (relative humidity: 100%), and nanopore structures of the shales under both as-received and dried conditions were measured. The results indicate that the C_PW values of these shales are much lower than their C_EW values, which implies that the bulk pore systems of these shales have low water-bearing extents. In addition, approximately half of the total pore volumes and surface areas of the as-received shales are occupied by pore water, and the effects of pore water on shale nanopores with various pore types and widths are different. The average water-occupied percentages (P_W) are 59.16%−81.99% and 42.53%−43.44% for the non-micropores and micropores, respectively, and are 83.54%−97.69% and 19.57%−26.42% for the inorganic-matter hosted (IM) and organic-matter hosted (OM) pores, respectively. The pore water in shales not only significantly reduces the storage of shale gas by occupying many pore spaces, but also causes the shale gas, especially the absorbed gas, to be mostly stored in the OM pores; meanwhile, the IM pores mainly store free gas. Therefore, the water-bearing characteristics and their effects on the pore structures and gas-bearing properties of coal-measure shales should be noted for the evaluation and exploration of shale gas in the Qinshui Basin.

Keywords coal-measure shales water-bearing characteristics nanopore structures shale gas the Qinshui Basin

Corresponding Author(s): Xianming XIAO

About author:

^* These authors contributed equally to this work.

Online First Date: 22 May 2023 Issue Date: 03 July 2023

Cite this article:

Peng CHENG,Xianming XIAO,Hui TIAN, et al. Water-bearing characteristics and their effects on the nanopores of overmature coal-measure shales in the Wuxiang area of the Qinshui Basin, north China[J]. Front. Earth Sci., 2023, 17(1): 273-292.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/10.1007/s11707-022-0988-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fesci/EN/Y2023/V17/I1/273

Fig.1 Schematic image showing the structural framework of the Qinshui Basin (a) and the stratigraphic column of the marine-continental transitional strata in this basin (b) (modified after Su et al., 2005).

Fig.2 The sketch map showing the method and its main procedures in this study.

Tab.1 Geological, geochemical, and mineralogical data of the studied coal-measure shales

Tab.2 Pore water contents (C_PW), equilibrium water contents (C_EW) and pore water equilibrium extents (E_PW) of the studied coal-measure shales

Fig.3 Correlations of the pore water and equilibrium water contents with the clay (a), TOC (b), and quartz contents (c) for the studied coal-measure shales.

Fig.4 Correlations of the pore water equilibrium extents with the clay (a), TOC (b), and quartz contents (c) for the studied coal-measure shales.

Tab.3 Pore structure parameters of the studied coal-measure shales under both as-received and dried conditions

Fig.5 Correlations of the surface areas and volumes of micropore (a, d), non-micropore (b, e) and total pore (c, f) with the TOC contents for the studied coal-measure shales under both dried and as-received conditions.

Fig.6 Correlations of the surface areas and volumes of micropore (a, d), non-micropore (b, e) and total pore (c, f) with the clay contents for the studied coal-measure shales under both dried and as-received conditions.

Tab.4 Calculated OM and IM pore structure parameters of the studied coal-measure shales under dried conditions

Fig.7 Correlations of the OM and IM pore surfaces and volumes of micropore (a, d), non-micropore (c, e) and total pore (c, f) with the TOC contents for the studied coal-measure shales.

Sample No.	Water-occupied pore surface area/(m²·g^?1)
	Micropore			Non-micropore			Total pore
	S_mic-OMW	S_mic-IMW	S_mic-W	S_non-OMW	S_non-IMW	S_non-W	S_total-OMW	S_total-IMW	S_total-W
WXN22-1	2.53 (25.0%) ^a)	2.22 (100.0%)	4.76 (38.5%)	0.00 (0.0%)	2.97 (91.7%)	2.97 (73.4%)	2.53 (23.2%)	5.19 (95.1%)	7.73 (47.1%)
WXN22-2	0.35 (4.1%)	4.53 (100.0%)	4.90 (35.8%)	0.00 (0.0%)	2.72 (90.0%)	2.72 (72.5%)	0.38 (3.8%)	7.25 (96.0%)	7.62 (43.7%)
WXN22-3	15.50 (38.8%)	1.59 (100.0%)	17.09 (41.1%)	2.27 (71.3%)	4.62 (100.0%)	6.89 (88.3%)	17.77 (41.2%)	6.20 (100.0%)	23.97 (48.5%)
WXN22-4	7.71 (43.7%)	1.44 (100.0%)	9.15 (48.0%)	0.46 (32.7%)	3.73 (100.0%)	4.19 (81.6%)	8.16 (42.9%)	5.17 (100.0%)	13.34 (55.1%)
WXN22-5	6.04 (38.9%)	1.59 (100.0%)	7.62 (44.6%)	0.18 (14.8%)	4.92 (100.0%)	5.10 (82.9%)	6.22 (37.1%)	6.50 (100.0%)	12.72 (54.7%)
WXN22-6	2.03 (13.6%)	4.25 (100.0%)	6.29 (32.7%)	0.13 (10.9%)	3.38 (100.0%)	3.51 (76.8%)	2.16 (13.4%)	7.64 (100.0%)	9.80 (41.2%)
WXN22-7	8.40 (26.5%)	4.07 (100.0%)	12.47 (34.8%)	1.67 (66.1%)	4.10 (100.0%)	5.77 (87.1%)	10.07 (29.4%)	8.17 (100.0%)	18.24 (43.0%)
WXN22-8	5.99 (43.9%)	3.44 (100.0%)	9.43 (55.2%)	0.00 (0.0%)	3.61 (95.8%)	3.61 (74.4%)	5.99 (40.7%)	7.05 (97.8%)	13.04 (59.5%)
WXN22-9	13.56 (24.7%)	7.10 (100.0%)	20.66 (33.3%)	3.45 (78.8%)	4.23 (100.0%)	7.67 (89.0%)	17.00 (28.7%)	11.33 (100.0%)	28.33 (40.1%)
WXN22-10	0.00 (0.0%)	6.48 (78.1%)	6.48 (47.7%)	0.00 (0.0%)	5.27 (91.0%)	5.27 (84.8%)	0.00 (0.0%)	11.75 (83.4%)	11.75 (59.4%)
WXN22-11	1.96 (16.0%)	8.16 (100.0%)	10.12 (49.6%)	0.07 (6.7%)	5.46 (100.0%)	5.53 (85.9%)	2.03 (15.3%)	13.62 (100.0%)	15.65 (58.3%)
WXN22-12	10.74 (39.6%)	5.04 (100.0%)	15.79 (49.1%)	1.37 (63.4%)	3.89 (100.0%)	5.25 (86.9%)	12.11 (41.4%)	8.93 (100.0%)	21.04 (55.1%)

Sample No.	Water-occupied pore volume/(cm³·g^?1)
	Micropore			Non-micropore			Total pore
	V_mic-OMW	V_mic-IMW	V_mic-W	V_non-OMW	V_non-IMW	V_non-W	V_total-OMW	V_total-IMW	V_total-W
WXN22-1	0.0010 (27.2%)	0.0018 (100.0%)	0.0028 (50.3%)	0.0000 (0.0%)	0.0059 (58.0%)	0.0059 (45.5%)	0.0010 (15.7%)	0.0077 (64.3%)	0.0087 (46.9%)
WXN22-2	0.0001 (2.5%)	0.0023 (100.0%)	0.0024 (41.1%)	0.0000 (0.0%)	0.0066 (61.4%)	0.0066 (49.6%)	0.0001 (1.4%)	0.0089 (68.1%)	0.0089 (47.0%)
WXN22-3	0.0038 (25.2%)	0.0016 (100.0%)	0.0055 (32.6%)	0.0057 (51.4%)	0.0103 (100.0%)	0.0160 (74.8%)	0.0095 (36.3%)	0.0120 (100.0%)	0.0215 (56.3%)
WXN22-4	0.0028 (41.6%)	0.0012 (100.0%)	0.0040 (50.5%)	0.0000 (0.0%)	0.0096 (94.3%)	0.0096 (63.7%)	0.0028 (24.0%)	0.00108 (94.9%)	0.0135 (59.1%)
WXN22-5	0.0023 (38.8%)	0.0011 (100.0%)	0.0034 (48.5%)	0.0000 (0.0%)	0.0088 (80.4%)	0.0088 (57.8%)	0.0023 (22.4%)	0.0099 (82.2%)	0.0122 (54.9%)
WXN22-6	0.0006 (10.8%)	0.0023 (100.0%)	0.0029 (36.7%)	0.0000 (0.0%)	0.0077 (71.1%)	0.0077 (51.4%)	0.0006 (6.2%)	0.0100 (76.2%)	0.0106 (46.3%)
WXN22-7	0.0026 (21.9%)	0.0022 (100.0%)	0.0048 (33.9%)	0.0037 (42.7%)	0.0065 (100.0%)	0.0102 (67.0%)	0.0064 (30.7%)	0.0087 (100.0%)	0.0150 (51.1%)
WXN22-8	0.0023 (44.6%)	0.0019 (100.0%)	0.0041 (59.3%)	0.0000 (0.0%)	0.0089 (72.3%)	0.0089 (55.3%)	0.0023 (25.7%)	0.0107 (75.9%)	0.0130 (56.5%)
WXN22-9	0.0033 (16.0%)	0.0036 (100.0%)	0.0070 (28.5%)	0.0101 (66.3%)	0.0108 (100.0%)	0.0209 (80.3%)	0.0134 (37.3%)	0.0144 (100.0%)	0.0278 (55.2%)
WXN22-10	0.0000 (0.0%)	0.0030 (79.1%)	0.0030 (51.6%)	0.0000 (0.0%)	0.0038 (47.0%)	0.0038 (39.9%)	0.0000 (0.0%)	0.0068 (57.1%)	0.0068 (44.2%)
WXN22-11	0.0006 (12.1%)	0.0038 (100.0%)	0.0044 (51.7%)	0.0000 (0.0%)	0.0082 (78.0%)	0.0082 (59.0%)	0.0006 (7.0%)	0.0120 (83.8%)	0.0126 (56.3%)
WXN22-12	0.0021 (20.1%)	0.0027 (100.0%)	0.0047 (36.6%)	0.0029 (39.0%)	0.0058 (100.0%)	0.0087 (65.6%)	0.0050 (28.1%)	0.0085 (100.0%)	0.0135 (51.3%)

Tab.5 Calculated water-occupied pore structures of the as-received shale samples and their percentages (P_W) in the pore structures of the dried shale samples

Fig.8 Correlations of the water-occupied pore surface areas (a) and volumes (b) with the pore water contents for the studied shales. The water-occupied pore surfaces and volumes of shales exhibit linear positive correlations with the C_PW values, except for samples WXN22-9 and WXN22-10.

Tab.6 Average percentages of each water-occupied pore surface and volumes of the studied shales under as-received conditions in the pore structure of the shales under dried conditions

Fig.9 The low-pressure CO₂ adsorption isotherms (a, b, c) and the micropore pore volume distributions (d, e, f) of three selected shale samples under both dried and as-received conditions.

Fig.10 The low-pressure N₂ adsorption and desorption isotherms (a, b, c) and the non-micropore pore surface area distributions (d, e, f) of three selected shale samples under both dried and as-received conditions.

Fig.11 Percentages of each water-occupied pore structure of the shales under as-received conditions in the pore structures of the shales under dried conditions (P_W). The P_W values show that the effects of pore water on shale nanopores with various types and pore widths are different.

Tab.7 Average percentage, water-occupied percentage and effective percentage of each pore structure in the total pore structure of the studied coal-measure shales under both dried and as-received conditions

Fig.12 Water-occupied and effective percentages of each pore structure in the total pore structure of the studied coal-measure shales under as-received conditions, showing that pore water in the shales can significantly influence the effective pore structures for the storage of shale gas.

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