Impact of total organic carbon and chlorine to ammonia ratio on nitrification in a bench-scale drinking water distribution system

doi:10.1007/s11783-010-0247-5

Front Envir Sci Eng Chin

2010, Vol. 4

Issue (4) : 430-437 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-010-0247-5

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Impact of total organic carbon and chlorine to ammonia ratio on nitrification in a bench-scale drinking water distribution system

Yongji ZHANG¹, Lingling ZHOU²(

), Guo ZENG¹, Huiping DENG¹, Guibai LI³

1. Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education (Tongji University), Shanghai 200092, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; 3. School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China

Download: PDF(195 KB) HTML
Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks

Abstract

Nitrification occurs in chloraminated drinking water systems and is affected by water quality parameters. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of total organic carbon and chlorine to ammonia ratio on nitrification potential in a simulated drinking water distribution system as during chloramination. The occurrence of nitrification and activity of nitrifying bacteria was primarily monitored using four rotating annular bioreactors (RAB) with different chlorine to ammonia ratios and total organic carbon (TOC) levels. The results indicated that nitrification occurred despite at a low influent concentration of ammonia, and a high concentration of nitrite nitrogen was detected in the effluent. The study illustrated that reactors 1(R1) and 3 (R3), with higher TOC levels, produced more nitrite nitrogen, which was consistent with the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) counts, and was linked to a relatively more rapid decay of chloramines in comparison to their counterparts (R2 and R4). The AOB and HPC counts were correlated during the biofilm formation with the establishment of nitrification. Biofilm AOB abundance was also higher in the high TOC reactors compared with the low TOC reactors. The chlorine to ammonia ratio did not have a significant impact on the occurrence of nitrification. Bulk water with a high TOC level supported the occurrence of nitrification, and AOB development occurred at all examined chlorine to ammonia dose ratios (3∶1 or 5∶1).

Keywords nitrification drinking water ammonia- oxidizing bacteria (AOB) chloramines organic carbon heterotrophic bacteria

Corresponding Author(s): ZHOU Lingling,Email:Zhou_LL@163.com

Issue Date: 05 December 2010

Cite this article:

Yongji ZHANG,Lingling ZHOU,Guo ZENG, et al. Impact of total organic carbon and chlorine to ammonia ratio on nitrification in a bench-scale drinking water distribution system[J]. Front Envir Sci Eng Chin, 2010, 4(4): 430-437.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-010-0247-5
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2010/V4/I4/430

Fig.1

Effluent ammonia-N concentration in the R1 and R3 (TOC= 3.0-4.0 mg·L^-1)

Fig.2

Effluent ammonia-N concentration in the R2 and R4 (TOC= 0.5-1.0 mg·L^-1)

Fig.3

Effluent nitrite-N concentration in the R1 and R3 (TOC= 3.0-4.0 mg·L^-1)

Fig.4

The variation of nitrite-N concentration in the R2 and R4 (TOC= 0.5-1.0 mg·L^-1)

Fig.5

Effluent chloramines concentration in the R1 and R3 (TOC= 3.0-4.0 mg·L^-1)

Fig.6

Effluent chloramines concentration in the R2 and R4 (TOC= 0.5-1.0 mg·L^-1)

Fig.7

Biofilm HPC concentration in the four reactors

Fig.8

Biofilm AOB concentration in the R1 and R3

Fig.9

Biofilm AOB concentration in the R2 and R4

Tab.1

Two-level factorial experimental design (Cl₂: N ratio, TOC)

1	USEPA. Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts. Final Rule. Fed. Reg., 63:241:69478 (Dec.16,1998)
2	Hua G H, Reckhow D A. DBP formation during chlorination and chloramination: Effect of reaction time, pH, dosage, and temperature. American Water Works Association. Journal , 2008, 100(8): 82–92
3	Diehl A C. DBP formation during chloramination. American Water Works Association. Journal , 2000, 92(6): 76
4	Wilczak A, Joseph G, Jacangelo J P. Occurence of nitrification in chloraminated distribution systems. American Water Works Association. Journal , 1996, 88(7): 74–85
5	Seidel C J, McGuire M J, Summers R S, Have S V. Utilities Switched to Chloramines. American Water Works Association. Journal , 2005, 97(10): 87–97
6	Carrico F A D, Lover N G, Vilkesland P, Chandran K, Fiss M, Zaklikowski A. Effectiveness of switching disinfectants for nitrification control. American Water Works association. Journal , 2008, 100(10): 11
7	Sathasivan A, Fisher I, Tam T. Onset of severe nitrification in mildly nitrifying chloraminated bulk waters and its relation to biostability. Water Research , 2008, 42(14): 3623–3632 doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.05.010
8	Wolfe R L, Lieu N I, Izaguirre G, Means E G. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in a chloraminated distribution system: seasonal occurrence, distribution and disinfection resistance. Applied and Environmental Microbiology , 1990, 56(2): 451–462
9	Odell G J K, Wilczak A, Jacangelo J G, Marcink J P. Controlling nitrification in chloraminated systems. American Water Works Association. Journal , 1996, 88(7): 86–98
10	Pintar K D, Slawson R M. Effect of temperature and disinfection strategies on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in a bench-scale drinking water distribution system. Water Research , 2003, 37(8): 1805–1817 doi: 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00538-9
11	Skadsen J. Effectiveness of high pH in controlling nitrification. American Water Works Association . Journal, 2002, 94(7): 73–84
12	Katarina W B A, Pintar D M, Slawson R M, Smith E F, Huck P M. Assessment of a distribution system nitrification critical threshold concept. American Water Works Association. Journal , 2005, 97(7): 116–129
14	Fisher I, Sathasivan A, Chuo P, Kastl G. Effects of stratification on chloramine decay in distribution system service reservoirs. Water Research , 2009, 43(5): 1403–1413 doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.12.012
15	Cunliffe D A. Bacterial nitrification in chloraminated water supplies. Applied and Environmental Microbiology , 1991, 57(11): 3399–3402
16	Sathasivan A, Fisher I, Kastl G. Simple method for quantifying microbiologically assisted chloramine decay in drinking water. Environmental Science & Technology , 2005, 39(14): 5407–5413 doi: 10.1021/es048300u
17	Haas C N. Disinfection. Water quality and treatment: a handbook of community water supplies. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1990
18	Hem L J, Efraimsen H. Assimilable organic carbon in molecular weight fractions of natural organic matter. Water Research , 2001, 35(4): 1106–1110 doi: 10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00354-7
20	Kirmeyer G J, Odell H J, Jacangelo A W. Nitrification occurrence and control in chloraminated water systems. Denver, CO: The Foundation and American Water Works Association, 1995
21	Lawrence J R, Swerhone G D, Neu T R. A simple rotating annular reactor for replicated biofilm studies. Journal of Microbiological Methods , 2000, 42(3): 215–224 doi: 10.1016/S0167-7012(00)00195-0
22	NEPA C. Water and Wastewater Monitoring Methods. Beijing: Chinese Environmental Science Publishing House, 1997
23	Lieu N I, Wolfe R L, Means E G I. Optimizing chloramine disinfection for the control of nitrification. American Water Works Association. Journal , 1993, 85(2): 84–90
26	Fleming K, Harrington G, Noguera D. Using nitrification potential curves to evaluate full-scale drinking water distribution systems. American Water Works Association. Journal , 2008, 100(10): 92–103

[1]	Yi Qian, Weichuan Qiao, Yunhao Zhang. *Toxic effect of sodium perfluorononyloxy-benzenesulfonate on Pseudomonas stutzeri* in aerobic denitrification, cell structure and gene expression**[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(5): 100-.
[2]	Boyi Cheng, Yi Wang, Yumei Hua, Kate V. Heal. The performance of nitrate-reducing Fe(II) oxidation processes under variable initial Fe/N ratios: The fate of nitrogen and iron species[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(4): 73-.
[3]	Danyang Liu, Johny Cabrera, Lijuan Zhong, Wenjing Wang, Dingyuan Duan, Xiaomao Wang, Shuming Liu, Yuefeng F. Xie. Using loose nanofiltration membrane for lake water treatment: A pilot study[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(4): 69-.
[4]	Sanjena Narayanasamydamodaran, Jian’e Zuo, Haiteng Ren, Nawnit Kumar. Scrap Iron Filings assisted nitrate and phosphate removal in low C/N waters using mixed microbial culture[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(4): 66-.
[5]	Xiaojie Shi, Zhuo Chen, Yun Lu, Qi Shi, Yinhu Wu, Hong-Ying Hu. Significant increase of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) levels in MBR effluents followed by coagulation, ozonation and combined treatments: Implications for biostability control of reclaimed water[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(4): 68-.
[6]	Zhiling Wu, Xianchun Tang, Hongbin Chen. Seasonal and treatment-process variations in invertebrates in drinking water treatment plants[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(4): 62-.
[7]	Yuxin Li, Jiayin Ling, Pengcheng Chen, Jinliang Chen, Ruizhi Dai, Jinsong Liao, Jiejing Yu, Yanbin Xu. Pseudomonas mendocina LYX: A novel aerobic bacterium with advantage of removing nitrate high effectively by assimilation and dissimilation simultaneously[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(4): 57-.
[8]	Guoliang Zhang, Liang Zhang, Xiaoyu Han, Shujun Zhang, Yongzhen Peng. Start-up of PN-anammox system under low inoculation quantity and its restoration after low-loading rate shock[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(2): 32-.
[9]	Yue Hu, Ding Dong, Kun Wan, Chao Chen, Xin Yu, Huirong Lin. Potential shift of bacterial community structure and corrosion-related bacteria in drinking water distribution pipeline driven by water source switching[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(2): 28-.
[10]	Shengjie Qiu, Jinjin Liu, Liang Zhang, Qiong Zhang, Yongzhen Peng. Sludge fermentation liquid addition attained advanced nitrogen removal in low C/N ratio municipal wastewater through short-cut nitrification-denitrification and partial anammox[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(2): 26-.
[11]	Xuewen Yi, Zhanqi Gao, Lanhua Liu, Qian Zhu, Guanjiu Hu, Xiaohong Zhou. Acute toxicity assessment of drinking water source with luminescent bacteria: Impact of environmental conditions and a case study in Luoma Lake, East China[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2020, 14(6): 109-.
[12]	Binbin Sheng, Depeng Wang, Xianrong Liu, Guangxing Yang, Wu Zeng, Yiqing Yang, Fangang Meng. Taxonomic and functional variations in the microbial community during the upgrade process of a full-scale landfill leachate treatment plant – from conventional to partial nitrification-denitrification[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2020, 14(6): 93-.
[13]	Wenrui Guo, Yue Wen, Yi Chen, Qi Zhou. Sulfur cycle as an electron mediator between carbon and nitrate in a constructed wetland microcosm[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2020, 14(4): 57-.
[14]	Ouchen Cai, Yuanxiao Xiong, Haijun Yang, Jinyong Liu, Hui Wang. Phosphorus transformation under the influence of aluminum, organic carbon, and dissolved oxygen at the water-sediment interface: A simulative study[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2020, 14(3): 50-.
[15]	Ting Zhang, Heze Liu, Yiyuan Zhang, Wenjun Sun, Xiuwei Ao. Comparative genotoxicity of water processed by three drinking water treatment plants with different water treatment procedures[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2020, 14(3): 39-.

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed