Trends of chemical speciation profiles of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds emissions in China, 2005–2020

doi:10.1007/s11783-012-0461-4

Front Envir Sci Eng

2014, Vol. 8

Issue (1) : 27-41 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-012-0461-4

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Trends of chemical speciation profiles of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds emissions in China, 2005–2020

Wei WEI^1,2, Shuxiao WANG²(

), Jiming HAO², Shuiyuan CHENG¹

1. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; 2. School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control (SKLESPC), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Download: PDF(232 KB) HTML
Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks

Abstract

This study estimates the detailed chemical profiles of China’s anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions for the period of 2005–2020. The chemical profiles of VOCs for seven activity sectors are calculated, based on which the Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP) of VOCs for these sectors is evaluated. At the national level, the VOCs species emitted in 2005 include alkanes, alkenes and alkynes, aromatic compounds, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, ethers and halocarbons, accounting for 26.4 wt.%, 29.2 wt.%, 21.3 wt.%, 4.7 wt.%, 5.4 wt.%, 1.7 wt.%, 2.1 wt.%, 0.7 wt.% and 2.2 wt.% of total emissions, respectively. And during 2005-2020, their mass proportions would respectively grow or decrease by -6.9%, -32.7%, 7.3%, 65.3%, 34.7%, -48.6%, 108.5%, 100.5%, and 55.4%. This change would bring about a 13% reduction of POCP for national VOCs emissions in the future. Thus, although the national VOCs emissions are expected to increase by 33% over the whole period, its ozone formation potential is estimated to rise only by 14%. Large discrepancies are found in VOCs speciation emissions among provinces. Compared to western provinces, the eastern provinces with a more developed economy would emit unsaturated hydrocarbons and benzene with lower mix ratios, and aromatic compounds except benzene, oxidized hydrocarbons and halocarbons with higher mix ratios. Such differences lead to lower POCP of VOCs emitted in eastern provinces, and higher POCP of VOCs emitted in western provinces. However, due to the large VOCs emissions from Chinese eastern region, the ozone formation potential of VOCs emission in eastern provinces would be much higher than those in western provinces by about 156%–235%.

Keywords volatile organic compounds (VOCs) chemical speciation ozone formation Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP) China

Corresponding Author(s): WANG Shuxiao,Email:shxwang@tsinghua.edu.cn

Issue Date: 01 February 2014

Cite this article:

Wei WEI,Shuxiao WANG,Jiming HAO, et al. Trends of chemical speciation profiles of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds emissions in China, 2005–2020[J]. Front Envir Sci Eng, 2014, 8(1): 27-41.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-012-0461-4
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2014/V8/I1/27

Tab.1 Classification of VOCs compounds with POCP values in this study

Tab.2 VOCs emission sources considered in this study

Tab.3 VOCs emissions estimates for seven sectors during 2005-2020/(Tg·year)

chemicalspecies category no.	residential stoves				road vehicles			paints coating				printing	coking industry	crude oilrefinery	gasolinevapor
coals	woods	agriculturalresidues	nature gas	gasoline vehicles	dieselvehicles	motorcycles	decorativewater-based paints	decorativeoil-based paints	autopaints	furniture paints
1	14.61	8.34	3.77	6.54	6.35	7.75	1.40	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	1.32	N.A.
2	5.37	2.68	2.29	3.54	2.76	6.78	0.24	N.A.	2.55	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	3.47	5.52
3	0.48	0.00	0.00	0.04	1.34	0.77	0.45	N.A.	0.77	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	17.07	N.A.
4	9.73	3.44	6.31	4.78	24.27	22.14	33.24	1.33	19.84	N.A.	N.A.	44.90	16.76	45.78	53.11
5	16.60	20.83	18.91	4.73	10.31	8.91	9.01	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	6.08	0.02
6	3.93	11.94	15.42	0.98	2.76	2.54	0.70	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	1.25	N.A.
7	7.78	6.44	4.03	0.82	2.52	5.03	10.39	N.A.	1.33	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	2.28	0.47
8	4.86	4.19	2.45	5.41	5.38	1.82	2.76	N.A.	0.67	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	2.01	3.50	13.68
9	10.53	5.77	5.62	1.17	5.32	9.61	15.18	N.A.	1.44	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	2.13	6.84
10	11.06	5.38	9.46	41.30	6.64	4.64	3.91	0.36	5.31	N.A.	N.A.	1.94	15.54	6.58	0.79
11	7.21	2.48	2.08	14.29	8.57	2.63	1.89	N.A.	14.38	14.60	26.28	11.28	32.17	4.40	11.00
12	3.62	0.76	0.64	14.54	6.53	3.06	3.33	N.A.	16.09	22.02	18.30	1.26	12.69	1.16	5.56
13	1.00	0.46	0.29	N.A.	2.03	1.87	1.90	N.A.	7.08	N.A.	N.A.	0.98	3.72	2.40	N.A.
14	1.88	0.39	0.37	1.29	7.88	12.29	15.25	N.A.	3.42	N.A.	N.A.	8.37	4.68	0.22	1.42
15	0.52	0.71	0.65	0.57	0.21	0.16	0.33	N.A.	1.09	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	0.05	N.A.
16	N.A.	0.00	0.00	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
17	N.A.	0.00	0.00	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
18	N.A.	0.00	0.00	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	10.22	3.88	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
19	N.A.	0.30	0.80	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	25.35	N.A.	18.31	17.64	3.04	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
20	N.A.	0.00	0.00	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	1.04	N.A.	10.43	1.11	3.60	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
21	N.A.	10.30	10.00	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	6.75	7.45	12.94	10.07	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
22	N.A.	0.00	0.00	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
23	N.A.	0.00	0.00	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
24	N.A.	0.00	0.00	N.A.	N.A.	3.97	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
25	N.A.	3.20	3.40	N.A.	N.A.	2.14	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
26	N.A.	0.60	1.50	N.A.	N.A.	1.19	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
27	N.A.	2.50	1.80	N.A.	N.A.	2.71	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
28	N.A.	0.70	0.00	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	29.06	12.80	6.92	8.43	2.78	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
29	N.A.	0.00	0.00	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	33.19	6.48	7.00	1.14	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
30	N.A.	1.00	1.40	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	9.52	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	12.43	1.25	N.A.
31	N.A.	0.00	0.20	N.A.	N.A	N.A	N.A	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
32	N.A.	2.00	1.90	N.A.	N.A	N.A	N.A	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
33	0.82	5.60	6.70	N.A.	7.18	N.A.	0.02	0.15	N.A.	13.27	3.94	7.90	N.A.	1.06	1.59

Tab.4 VOCs chemical profiles measured in China for important sources/(wt.%)

lumped species No.	stationary fuel combustion	road transport	non-road transport	industrialprocess	solvent utilization	storage and distribution of fossil fuels	others
1	5.6–6.8	3.3–4.0	3.6–3.9	0.5–1.0	N.A.	0.4–1.0	0.1–0.1
2	2.8–3.2	2.9–4.4	0.4–0.6	1.4–1.8	0.5–0.5	5.4–7.9	1.5–1.7
3	0.1–0.2	0.8–0.9	0.2–0.3	3.6–4.4	2.0–2.2	1.2–1.7	0.1–0.1
4	6.7–7.3	28.3–29.7	16.3–17.2	23.6–25	13.1–14.8	48.9–53.7	35.3–42.4
5	17.0–18.2	9.3–9.5	27.7–29.8	1.6–1.9	N.A.	0.1–0.1	14.5–17.3
6	12.1–13.6	1.5–1.7	10.7–11.6	2.1–3.9	N.A.	N.A.	1.5–1.7
7	4.7–5.1	6.3–7.5	15.9–17.5	1.8–2.7	0.2–0.3	0.4–0.5	0.1–0.1
8	2.9–3.0	3.6–3.9	7.4–7.7	3.9–4.1	0.7–0.8	10.0–11.3	0.2–0.2
9	5.6–5.8	9.7–11.3	0.7–1.2	0.4–0.4	1.1–1.3	5.0–5.6	21.9–26.3
10	9.9–10.9	4.8–5.1	8.5–8.7	4.1–5.2	1.4–1.5	2.1–3.8	0.2–0.4
11	2.9–3.7	4.2–5.1	1.1–1.9	5.9–8.2	14.7–15	8.5–9.6	0.5–1.1
12	1.3–1.9	4.4–4.8	0.9–1.5	2.6–3.9	10.4–11.0	4.3–4.8	0.1–0.2
13	0.4–0.5	1.9–1.9	0.3–0.5	1.4–2.0	1.1–1.2	0.5–1.1	0.2–0.2
14	0.6–0.8	10.9–12.2	1.0–1.8	1.3–1.9	2.2–2.4	1.4–1.8	0.2–0.3
15	1.5–2.7	0.3–0.3	0.1–0.1	1.5–2.0	N.A.	0.2–0.3	0.1–0.1
16	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	0.1–0.1	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
17	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	0.5–0.6	N.A.	N.A.
18	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	9.9–12.3	2.5–2.9	N.A.	N.A.
19	0.6–0.7	N.A.	N.A.	2.4–3.2	9.5–10.1	N.A.	0.2–0.2
20	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	3.6–4.6	1.4–1.5	N.A.	N.A.
21	7.2–8.6	0.1–0.1	N.A.	0.4–0.4	11.8–12.2	N.A.	0.1–0.1
22	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
23	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	0.1–0.1	N.A.	2.3–2.6
24	0.1–0.2	0.2–0.3	N.A.	0.2–0.2	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
25	2.5–2.9	0.2–0.2	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
26	1.1–1.3	0.1–0.1	N.A.	0.1–0.1	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
27	1.4–1.6	0.1–0.2	N.A.	0.1–0.1	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.
28	0.1–0.1	N.A.	N.A.	1.1–1.8	10.7–10.9	N.A.	N.A.
29	N.A.	N.A.	N.A.	0.1–0.2	3.8–4.1	N.A.	N.A.
30	1.0–1.2	N.A.	N.A.	7.0–8.6	2.6–3.3	N.A.	3.1–9.4
31	0.2–0.2	N.A.	N.A.	1.6–3.3	N.A.	N.A.	4.2–11.3
32	1.4–1.7	N.A.	N.A.	0.3–0.3	3.7–4.7	N.A.	0.1–0.1
33	5.0–5.8	2.5–3.5	0.9–1.6	7.6–9.5	3.4–3.9	4.1–6.5	1.5–1.7

Tab.5 VOCs fractional speciation for seven sectors during 2005-2020/(wt. %)

Fig.1 Comparison of POCP for main emission sectors from this study and literature

Tab.6 China’s anthropogenic VOCs speciation emissions during 2005-2020

Fig.2 emission contributions of various activity sectors among provinces

provinces	2005 year / 2020 year
alkanes	alkenes andalkynes	aromaticcompounds	alcohols	ketones	acid	aldehydes	esters	ethers	holocarbons	others
north-east	Heilongjiang	30.3/29.9	31.2/25.0	17.9/19.8	5.7/8.3	4.6/5.5	0.2/0.2	2.3/1.4	1.1/2.2	0.4/0.6	1.8/2.6	5.1/5.0
region	Jilin	28.8/26.7	33.6/27.4	19.3/20.6	4.5/7.2	4.3/5.6	0.2/0.2	1.9/1.2	1.6/3.6	0.5/0.8	1.5/2.3	4.5/5.0
	Liaoning	30.8/27.6	23.0/18.1	21.7/22.2	4.9/7.6	4.7/5.9	0.2/0.1	1.1/0.6	2.1/2.9	0.8/0.7	2.0/2.6	9.4/12.1
eastern more	Beijing	29.9/29.0	20.1/15.7	26.5/25.7	6.6/8.5	4.1/6.0	0.2/0.1	0.5/0.3	2.8/3.8	1.5/1.6	2.8/3.8	5.5/6.1
developed	Tianjin	34.3/28.6	19.0/15.1	22.8/21.5	5.1/7.4	3.7/5.7	0.2/0.1	0.6/0.4	2.1/3.1	0.9/1.0	5.1/9.3	6.7/8.4
region	Hebei	25.0/22.4	27.3/17.6	19.8/19.2	6.8/10.4	6.6/9.6	0.2/0.2	1.2/0.7	2.1/3.6	0.5/0.5	2.0/2.7	8.9/13.8
	Shandong	30.5/29.3	28.4/17.6	21.1/21.8	5.4/8.6	4.5/7.4	0.2/0.1	1.0/0.5	2.2/4.8	0.6/1.3	1.9/2.7	4.6/6.3
	Shanghai	30.6/26.4	17.5/15.6	25.6/24.5	5.3/7.6	4.9/6.2	0.2/0.1	0.3/0.2	3.8/5.1	1.8/2.6	3.5/4.6	7.1/7.7
	Jiangsu	24.0/21.3	27.0/15.6	20.3/22.2	4.3/6.6	6.2/7.9	0.2/0.1	1.9/0.9	3.0/6.2	1.3/2.7	3.8/6.4	8.7/10.5
	Zhejiang	24.3/19.5	17.5/9.0	23.9/25.3	6.2/9.3	7.9/10.0	0.2/0.1	0.4/0.2	5.3/8.6	1.9/4.0	3.2/4.2	9.8/10.3
	Fujian	28.6/25.3	23.5/14.4	24.9/25.9	4.2/7.5	7.2/10.9	0.2/0.2	0.6/0.3	4.9/7.5	0.9/1.1	1.8/2.6	3.7/4.9
	Guangdong	28.7/25.9	25.5/14.5	24.0/26.1	4.7/9.7	5.6/8.7	0.2/0.1	1.1/0.6	2.7/4.6	0.7/0.8	2.0/3.0	5.4/6.5
central	Shanxi	23.8/22.4	22.9/19.7	37.9/38.5	2.7/3.2	1.9/2.0	0.2/0.2	0.8/0.5	0.8/1.2	0.3/0.4	5.6/7.0	3.6/5.5
regions	Inner Mongolia	25.1/22.5	29.4/20.4	19.2/19.8	8.3/11.8	5.4/7.8	0.2/0.2	1.6/0.9	1.1/2.1	0.4/0.4	2.0/2.9	7.9/11.7
	Anhui	23.6/23.7	37.5/29.4	17.1/19.3	3.8/6.0	5.9/6.4	0.2/0.2	3.1/1.8	1.2/2.9	0.5/1.2	1.5/2.1	6.2/7.5
	Jiangxi	25.1/21.1	30.4/19.8	23.9/26.6	4.9/8.5	4.7/6.8	0.3/0.3	1.8/0.9	2.4/6.7	0.9/2.8	1.8/2.6	4.3/4.5
	Henan	25.9/25.1	35.2/27.6	19.6/19.8	3.8/6.7	4.8/6.2	0.2/0.2	2.1/1.3	1.1/2.6	0.4/0.5	1.9/2.8	5.4/7.7
	Hubei	25.8/24.1	30.6/22.4	22.0/23.1	4.6/7.6	5.2/6.8	0.2/0.2	2.2/1.2	1.9/4.0	0.9/1.7	1.9/2.9	5.4/6.4
	Hunan	28.7/24.7	32.5/23.1	20.8/23.7	3.7/6.8	4.1/6.0	0.3/0.2	1.5/0.8	2.1/5.4	0.9/2.6	1.6/2.3	4.2/4.8
west	Xinjiang	34.1/31.2	26.5/22.9	16.6/18.3	12.8/13.9	2.4/2.9	0.2/0.2	1.2/0.7	1.0/1.9	0.4/0.5	2.0/4.2	3.5/3.7
developing	Qinghai	31.7/29.0	33.1/28.3	19.3/20.8	3.4/5.5	3.5/4.7	0.3/0.3	1.7/1.2	1.0/2.1	0.5/0.7	1.6/3.0	4.5/5.0
regions	Gansu	31.6/31.5	33.6/29.6	19.3/21	3.3/4.5	3.4/3.5	0.3/0.3	1.7/1.1	1.0/1.6	0.5/0.7	1.6/2.3	4.2/4.4
	Ningxia	28.1/27.0	34.7/26.0	20.0/21.4	2.7/4.8	3.9/4.3	0.2/0.2	1.9/1.2	1.0/2.2	0.5/1.2	2.7/6.2	4.9/6.0
	Shaanxi	34.1/33.3	30.1/23.4	20.9/22.7	2.8/5.1	3.4/4.4	0.3/0.3	1.5/0.9	1.1/2.1	0.5/0.8	1.8/2.7	4.0/4.8
	Chongqing	20.1/20.3	34.0/27.0	19.7/21.7	4.3/6.9	7.1/7.7	0.2/0.2	3.4/2.2	2.3/3.9	1.3/2.0	1.8/2.3	6.3/6.5
	Sichuan	19.3/19.3	37.1/29.6	17.8/19	4.5/7.4	7.2/7.7	0.2/0.2	4.1/2.9	1.2/2.7	0.6/0.9	1.8/3.2	6.9/7.7
	Guizhou	21.2/24.6	37.7/33.1	20.1/22.1	3.4/4.3	6.1/5.5	0.3/0.3	3.5/2.3	0.8/1.5	0.3/0.4	1.7/1.7	5.6/4.7
	Yunnan	27.0/28.3	31.8/25.7	24.3/24.8	2.5/4.3	4.1/4.9	0.3/0.3	2.0/1.3	1.3/2.3	0.5/0.7	2.2/3.2	4.6/4.8
	Tibet	38.5/35.4	30.3/20.9	18.8/22.3	3.0/5.8	1.9/4.4	0.6/0.4	0.8/0.6	1.8/3.5	0.8/1.1	1.0/1.5	3.0/4.6
	Guangxi	23.0/23.0	39.3/32.7	18.5/20.2	1.9/4.2	6.2/7.2	0.2/0.2	3.5/2.7	0.9/2.5	0.3/0.6	1.4/1.7	5.4/5.5
	Hainan	24.5/21.8	35.1/26.2	21.9/24.5	3.8/8.0	5.0/7.0	0.2/0.2	2.3/1.4	1.1/2.7	0.5/0.9	1.3/2.0	4.9/5.8

Tab.7 chemical profiles of VOCs emitted from 31 provinces/(wt.%)

Fig.3 POCP ranges of provincial VOCs emissions in 2005 and 2020

Fig.4 provincial POCP-weighted VOCs emissions in 2005 and 2020

1	Wang H X, Kiang C S, Tang X Y, Zhou Z J, Chameides W L. Surface ozone: a likely threat to crops in Yangtze delta of China. Atmospheric Environment , 2005, 39(21): 3843-3850 doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.02.057
2	Coleman B K, Lunden M M, Destaillats H, Nazaroff W W. Secondary organic aerosol from ozone-initiated reactions with terpene-rich household products. Atmospheric Environment , 2008, 42(35): 8234-8245 doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.07.031
3	Lamorena R B, Lee W. Influence of ozone concentration and temperature on ultra-fine particle and gaseous volatile organic compound formations generated during the ozone-initiated reactions with emitted terpenes from a car air freshener. Journal of Hazardous Materials , 2008, 158(2-3): 471-477 doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.01.095 pmid:18336999
4	Lin S, Bell E M, Liu W, Walker R J, Kim N K, Hwang S A. Ambient ozone concentration and hospital admissions due to childhood respiratory diseases in New York State, 1991-2001. Environmental Research , 2008, 108(1): 42-47 doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2008.06.007 pmid:18656858
5	van Zelm R, Huijbregts M A J, den Hollander H A, van Jaarsveld H A, Sauter F J, Struijs J, van Wijnen H J, van de Meent D. European characterization factors for human health damage of PM10 and ozone in life cycle impact assessment. Atmospheric Environment , 2008, 42(3): 441-453 doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.072
6	Pei C H. Air pollution control in Beijing. In: Procrrdings of Conference on strategic approaches to regional air quality management in China . Beijing: 2005
7	Shao M, Tang X Y, Zhang Y H, Li W. City clusters in China: air and surface water pollution. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment , 2006, 4(7): 353-361 doi: 10.1890/1540-9295(2006)004[0353:CCICAA]2.0.CO;2
8	Ding A J, Wang T, Thouret V, Cammas J P, Nédélec P. Tropospheric ozone climatology over Beijing: analysis of aircraft data from the MOZAIC program. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , 2008, 8(1): 1-13 doi: 10.5194/acp-8-1-2008
9	Geng F H, Tie X X, Xu J M, Zhou G, Peng L, Gao W, Tang X, Zhao C. Characterizations of ozone, NOx, and VOCs measured in Shanghai, China. Atmospheric Environment , 2008, 42(29): 6873-6883 doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.05.045
10	Wang T, Wei X L, Ding A J, Poon C N, Lam K S, Li Y S, Chan L Y, Anson M. Increasing surface ozone concentrations in the background atmosphere of Southern China, 1994-2007. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , 2009, 9(16): 6217-6226 doi: 10.5194/acp-9-6217-2009
11	Streets D G, Fu J S, Jang C J, Hao J, He K, Tang X, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Li Z, Zhang Q, Wang L, Wang B, Yu C. Air quality during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. Atmospheric Environment , 2007, 41(3): 480-492 doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.08.046
12	Xu J, Zhang Y H, Fu J S, Zheng S, Wang W. Process analysis of typical summertime ozone episodes over the Beijing area. Science of the Total Environment , 2008, 399(1-3): 147-157 doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.02.013 pmid:18455756
13	Zhang Y H, Su H, Zhong L J, Cheng Y F, Zeng L M, Wang X S, Xiang Y R, Wang J L, Gao D F, Shao M. Regional ozone pollution and observation-based approach for analyzing ozone-precursor relationship during the PRIDE-PRD2004 campaign. Atmospheric Environment , 2008, 42(25): 6203-6218 doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.05.002
14	Shao M, Zhang Y H, Zeng L M, Tang X, Zhang J, Zhong L, Wang B. Ground-level ozone in the Pearl River Delta and the roles of VOC and NO(x) in its production. Journal of Environmental Management , 2009, 90(1): 512-518 doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.12.008 pmid:18207632
15	Cheng H R, Guo H, Saunders S M, Lam S H M, Jiang F, Wang X M, Simpson I J, Blake D R, Louie P K K, Wang T J. Assessing photochemical ozone formation in the Pearl River Delta with a photochemical trajectory model. Atmospheric Environment , 2010, 44(34): 4199-4208 doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.07.019
16	Tonooka Y, Kannari A, Higashino H, Murano K. NMVOCs and CO emission inventory in East Asia. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution , 2001, 130(1/4): 199-204 doi: 10.1023/A:1013890513856
17	Klimont Z, Streets D G, Gupta S, Cofala J, Lixin F, Ichikawa Y. Anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds in China. Atmospheric Environment , 2002, 36(8): 1309-1322 doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00529-5
18	Streets D G, Bond T C, Carmichael G R, Fernandes S D, Fu Q, He D, Klimont Z, Nelson S M, Tsai N Y, Wang M Q, Woo J H, Yarber K F. An inventory of gaseous and primary aerosol emission in Asia in the year 2000. Journal of Geophysical Research , 2003, 108(D21): 8809-8832 doi: 10.1029/2002JD003093
19	Bo Y, Cai H, Xie S D. Spatial and temporal variation of emission inventories for historical anthropogenic NMVOCs in China. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussion , 2008, 8(23): 1519-1566
20	Liu J F, Zhao J, Li T T, Bai Y H, Liu Z R. Establishment of Chinese anthropogenic source volatile organic compounds emission inventory. China Environmental Science , 2008, 28(6): 496-500 (In Chinese)
21	Wei W, Wang S X, Chatani S, Klimont Z, Cofala J, Hao J. Emission and speciation of non-methane volatile organic compounds from anthropogenic sources in China. Atmospheric Environment , 2008, 42(20): 4976-4988 doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.02.044
22	Wei W, Wang S X, Hao J M, Cheng S. Projection of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions in China for the period 2010-2020. Atmospheric Environment , 2011, 45(38): 6863-6871 doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.01.013
23	Derwent R G, Jenkin M E, Passant N R, Pilling M J. Photochemical ozone creation potentials (POCPs) for different emission sources of organic compounds under European conditions estimated with a Master Chemical Mechanism. Atmospheric Environment , 2007, 41(12): 2570-2579 doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.11.019
24	Liu X H, Zhang Y, Cheng S H, Xing J, Zhang Q, Streets D G, Jang C, Wang W X, Hao J M. Understanding of regional air pollution over China using CMAQ, part I performance evaluation and seasonal variation. Atmospheric Environment , 2010, 44(20): 2415-2426 doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.03.035
25	Altenstdet J, Pleijel K. POCP for individual VOC under European Condition [R]. IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute . 1998
26	Zhang Q, Streets D G, He K B, Wang Y X, Richter A, Burrows J P, Uno I, Jang C J, Chen D, Yao Z L, Lei Y. NOx emission trends for China, 1995-2004: The view from the ground and the view from space. Journal of Geophysical Research , 2007, 112(D2): 1-18
27	Wang S X, Xing J, Chatani S, Hao J, Klimont Z, Cofala J, Amann M. Verification of anthropogenic emissions of China by satellite and ground observations. Atmospheric Environment , 2011, 45(35): 6347-6358 doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.08.054
28	Huang C, Chen C H, Li L, Cheng Z, Wang H L, Huang H Y, Streets D G, Wang Y J, Zhang G F, Chen Y R. Emission inventory of anthropogenic air pollutants and VOC species in the Yangtze River Delta region, China. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics , 2011, 11(9): 4105-4120 doi: 10.5194/acp-11-4105-2011
29	Wang S X, Wei W, Du L, Li G, Hao J. Characteristics of gaseous pollutants from biofuel-stoves in rural China. Atmospheric Environment , 2009, 43(27): 4148-4154 doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.05.040
30	Zhang J F, Smith K R, Ma Y, Ye S, Jiang F, Qi W, Liu P, Khalil M A K, Rasmussen R A, Thorneloe S A. Greenhouse gases and other airborne pollutants from household stoves in China. Atmospheric Environment , 2000, 34(26): 4537-4549 doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00450-1
31	Liu Y, Shao M, Fu L L, Lu S, Zeng L, Tang D. Source profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured in China: Part I. Atmospheric Environment , 2008, 42(25): 6247-6260 doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.01.070
32	Fu L L, Shao M, Liu Y, Liu Y, Lu S H, Tang D G. Tunnel experimental study on the emission factors of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from vehicles. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae , 2005, 25(7): 879-885 (in Chinese)
33	Liang B S, Zhou Y. Study on emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds in the exhaust of different types of vehicles. Environmental Monitoring in China , 2005, 21(1): 8-11 (in Chinese)
34	Yuan B, Shao M, Lu S H, Wang B. Source profiles of volatile organic compounds associated with solvent use in Beijing, China. Atmospheric Environment , 2010, 44(15): 1919-1926 doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.02.014
35	He Q S, Wang X M, Zhao L R,Sheng G Y,Fu J M. Preliminary study on profiles of VOCs emitted from coking. Environmental Monitoring in China , 2005, 21(1): 61-66 (in Chinese)
36	Cheng P, Zhang W J, Chu Y N. Analysis of Petrol and Diesel Vapor Using Selective Ion Flow Tube/Mass Spectrometry. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry , 2003, 31(5): 548-551 (in Chinese)
37	Lu S H, Bai Y H, Zhang G S, M J. Study on the characteristics of VOCs source profiles of vehicle exhaust and gasoline emission. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis , 2003, 39(4): 507-512 (in Chinese)
38	Xie J X. A study of the indoor air organic pollution affected by environment tobacco smoke. Desseration for the Doctoral Degree . Guangzhou: Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Science, 2004 (in Chinese)

[1]	Fengping Hu, Yongming Guo. Health impacts of air pollution in China[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(4): 74-.
[2]	Chi Zhang, Wenhui Kuang, Jianguo Wu, Jiyuan Liu, Hanqin Tian. Industrial land expansion in rural China threatens environmental securities[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(2): 29-.
[3]	Jiuhui Qu, Hongchen Wang, Kaijun Wang, Gang Yu, Bing Ke, Han-Qing Yu, Hongqiang Ren, Xingcan Zheng, Ji Li, Wen-Wei Li, Song Gao, Hui Gong. Municipal wastewater treatment in China: Development history and future perspectives[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2019, 13(6): 88-.
[4]	Wenjing Lu, Yawar Abbas, Muhammad Farooq Mustafa, Chao Pan, Hongtao Wang. A review on application of dielectric barrier discharge plasma technology on the abatement of volatile organic compounds[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2019, 13(2): 30-.
[5]	Dong Huang, Xiuhong Liu, Songzhu Jiang, Hongchen Wang, Junyan Wang, Yuankai Zhang. Current state and future perspectives of sewer networks in urban China[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2018, 12(3): 2-.
[6]	Xiaolong Song, Jingwei Wang, Jianxin Yang, Bin Lu. An updated review and conceptual model for optimizing WEEE management in China from a life cycle perspective[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2017, 11(5): 3-.
[7]	Yan Ma, Xiaoming Du, Yi Shi, Deyi Hou, Binbin Dong, Zhu Xu, Huiying Li, Yunfeng Xie, Jidun Fang, Zheng Li, Yunzhe Cao, Qingbao Gu, Fasheng Li. Engineering practice of mechanical soil aeration for the remediation of volatile organic compound-contaminated sites in China: Advantages and challenges[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2016, 10(6): 6-.
[8]	He NIU,Ziwei MO,Min SHAO,Sihua LU,Shaodong XIE. Screening the emission sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in China by multi-effects evaluation[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2016, 10(5): 1-.
[9]	Meng Gao,Gregory R. Carmichael,Yuesi Wang,Dongsheng Ji,Zirui Liu,Zifa Wang. Improving simulations of sulfate aerosols during winter haze over Northern China: the impacts of heterogeneous oxidation by NO₂[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2016, 10(5): 16-.
[10]	Hallvard Ødegaard. A road-map for energy-neutral wastewater treatment plants of the future based on compact technologies (including MBBR)[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2016, 10(4): 2-.
[11]	Wenyan Wang, Wei Ouyang, Fanghua Hao, Yun Luan, Bo Hu. Spatial impacts of climate factors on regional agricultural and forestry biomass resources in north-eastern province of China[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2016, 10(4): 17-.
[12]	Guoxia MA,Jinnan WANG,Fang YU,Yanshen ZHANG,Dong CAO. An assessment of the potential health benefits of realizing the goals for PM₁₀ in the updated Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standard[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2016, 10(2): 288-298.
[13]	Fei LI,Suocheng DONG,Fujia LI,Libiao YANG. Is there an inverted U-shaped curve? Empirical analysis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve in agrochemicals[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2016, 10(2): 276-287.
[14]	Shou ZHAO,Dongxin WANG,Chenghong FENG,Ying WANG,Zhenyao SHEN. Sequence of the main geochemical controls on the Cu and Zn fractions in the Yangtze River estuarine sediments[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2016, 10(1): 19-27.
[15]	Hengyi DUAN,Xiaotu LIU,Meilin YAN,Yatao WU,Zhaorong LIU. Characteristics of carbonyls and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in residences in Beijing, China[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2016, 10(1): 73-84.

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed