Revealing the GHG reduction potential of emerging biomass-based CO<sub>2</sub> utilization with an iron cycle system

doi:10.1007/s11783-023-1727-8

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2023, Vol. 17

Issue (10) : 127 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-023-1727-8

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Revealing the GHG reduction potential of emerging biomass-based CO₂ utilization with an iron cycle system

Jing Xu¹, Jiong Cheng¹, Runtian He¹, Jiaqi Lu²(

), Chunling Wang¹, Heng Zhong¹, Fangming Jin^1,^3,⁴(

)

¹. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
². Innovation Centre for Environment and Resources, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
³. Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
⁴. Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China

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Abstract

● Greenhouse gas mitigation by biomass-based CO₂ utilization with a Fe cycle system.

● The system including hydrothermal CO₂ reduction with Fe and Fe recovery by biomass.

● The reduction potential quantified by experiments, simulations, and an ex-ante LCA.

● The greatest GHG reduction potential is −34.03 kg CO₂-eq/kg absorbed CO₂.

● Ex-ante LCA supports process optimization to maximize GHG reduction potential.

CO₂ utilization becomes a promising solution for reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Biomass-based CO₂ utilization (BCU) even has the potential to generate negative emissions, but the corresponding quantitative evaluation is limited. Herein, the biomass-based CO₂ utilization with an iron cycle (BCU-Fe) system, which converts CO₂ into formate by Fe under hydrothermal conditions and recovers Fe with biomass-derived glycerin, was investigated. The GHG reduction potential under various process designs was quantified by a multidisciplinary method, including experiments, simulations, and an ex-ante life-cycle assessment. The results reveal that the BCU-Fe system could bring considerable GHG emission reduction. Significantly, the lowest value is −34.03 kg CO₂-eq/kg absorbed CO₂ (−2.44 kg CO₂-eq/kg circulated Fe) with the optimal yield of formate (66%) and Fe (80%). The proposed ex-ante evaluation approach not only reveals the benefits of mitigating climate change by applying the BCU-Fe system, but also serves as a generic tool to guide the industrialization of emerging carbon-neutral technologies.

Keywords Carbon dioxide utilization Hydrothermal reactions Biomass-based CO₂ reduction Simulation Ex-ante LCA

Corresponding Author(s): Jiaqi Lu,Fangming Jin

Issue Date: 12 May 2023

Cite this article:

Jing Xu,Jiong Cheng,Runtian He, et al. Revealing the GHG reduction potential of emerging biomass-based CO₂ utilization with an iron cycle system[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2023, 17(10): 127.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-023-1727-8
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2023/V17/I10/127

Fig.1 Schematic of the proposed biomass-based CO₂ utilization system combined with a hydrothermal reduction of CO₂ with Fe and a biomass-based reduction of Fe₃O₄.

Fig.2 The system boundary of the BCU-Fe system. The part in the orange dashed frame is the HR process, and the one in the blue dashed frame is the BR process. The round rectangles with transparent filling represent the input of materials, the blue-filled round rectangles represent products before separation, and the green-filled round rectangles represent the output of products. The purple rectangles represent the different processes. Fe and Fe₃O₄ in light green round rectangles are the input and output of the HR process, conversely for the BR process.

Tab.1 Summary of inventory data used in LCA calculation

Fig.3 The breakdown of the total energy consumption in the BCU-Fe system as a function of various reaction conditions in the HR process: (a) NaHCO₃ concentration (mol/L) and (b) ratio of CO₂ and Fe (CO₂:Fe).

Fig.4 The breakdown of the total energy consumption in the BCU-Fe system as a function of various reaction conditions in the BR process: (a) different reaction time and (b) different ratios of Fe₃O₄ and NaOH (Fe₃O₄:NaOH).

Fig.5 GHG reduction potential of the BCU-Fe system for converting 1 kg CO₂ and for circulating 1 kg Fe as a function of reaction conditions: (a) NaHCO₃ concentration (mol/L) and (b) ratio of CO₂ and Fe in the HR process.

Fig.6 Contribution of the GHG reduction potential as a function of NaHCO₃ concentration (mol/L) (a) and ratio of CO₂ and Fe (b) in the HR process.

Fig.7 GHG reduction potential of the BCU-Fe system for conversion of 1 kg CO₂ and circulation of 1 kg Fe as a function of reaction conditions in the BR process: (a) reaction time; (b) ratio of Fe₃O₄ and NaOH (Fe₃O₄:NaOH).

Fig.8 Contribution of the GHG reduction potential as a function of reaction time (a) and ratio of Fe₃O₄ and NaOH (Fe₃O₄:NaOH) (b) in the BR process.

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