Factors affecting photocatalytic performance through the evolution of the properties due to the phase transition from NaBiO3·2H2O to BiO2–x

doi:10.1007/s11708-021-0778-4

Front. Energy

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (3) : 471-482 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-021-0778-4

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Factors affecting photocatalytic performance through the evolution of the properties due to the phase transition from NaBiO₃·2H₂O to BiO_2–_x

Haoxuan MA¹, Yuefa JIA¹, Jongseong BAE², Chunli LIU¹(

)

¹. Department of Physics and Oxide Research Center, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 17035, Republic of Korea
². Busan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan 46742, Republic of Korea

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Abstract

The phase transition process of a photocatalytic system from NaBiO₃·2H₂O to BiO_2–_x has been investigated to understand the important factors that affect photocatalytic performance in a composite system. It is found that a proper amount of BiO_2–_x on the surface of NaBiO₃·2H₂O could effectively suppress the electron/hole recombination and increase the exposed reactive sites for photocatalytic reaction. A fully covered BiO_2–_x on NaBiO₃·2H₂O results in a dramatical decrease of photocatalytic degradation of dye. An over long hydrothermal process can result in BiO_2–_x with reduced oxygen vacancies, which degrades the photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, the photocatalytic reduction ability of CO₂ conversion has been investigated, indicating that the surface activity to different reactants also directly affects the catalytic performance. The investigation of the gradient phase transition process presents a clear guidance to construct a desired photocatalytic system, in addition to selecting gradient materials with suitable bandgap structure and a morphology with different fraction and distribution of each component. The defect evolution of each component during construction of a composite is also an important factor that should be optimized and considered in making a composite to achieve high photocatalytic efficiency.

Keywords composite construction distribution BiO_2–_x evolution of defects

Corresponding Author(s): Chunli LIU

Online First Date: 27 September 2021 Issue Date: 07 July 2022

Cite this article:

Haoxuan MA,Yuefa JIA,Jongseong BAE, et al. Factors affecting photocatalytic performance through the evolution of the properties due to the phase transition from NaBiO₃·2H₂O to BiO_2–_x[J]. Front. Energy, 2022, 16(3): 471-482.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/10.1007/s11708-021-0778-4
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fie/EN/Y2022/V16/I3/471

Fig.1 XRD patterns and FT-IR spectra of samples obtained at different times (a. NB-0 0 h, b. NB-1.5 1.5 h, c. NB-3 3 h, d. NB-5 5h, e. NB-6 6 h, f. NB-7.5 7.5 h, g. NB-9 9 h, h. NB-12 12 h, i. NB-16 16 h, j. NB-21 21 h).

Fig.2 SEM images of reaction time dependent samples (longer scale bar: 2 μm; short scale bar: 100 μm).

Fig.3 TEM images of reaction time dependent samples.

Fig.4 Elemental distribution maps for Bi, O, and Na of (a) NB-3, (b) NB-6, and (c) NB-12.

Tab.1 Elemental ratio measured by EDS and XPS for NB-3, NB-6, NB-12, and NB-16

Fig.5 XPS spectra of NB-0, NB-3, NB-6 and NB-12.

Fig.6 High-resolution XPS spectra of NB-12, NB-16, and NB-21.

Fig.7 Optical properties of a series of reaction time dependent samples.

Fig.8 Degradation of MO using various samples under light irradiation.

Fig.9 Mechanism of photocatalytic degradation process.

Fig.10 Scavenger tests of samples.

Fig.11 Photocatalytic conversion rates of CO₂ to CO and CH₄ based on the samples of NBH, NB-3, and NB-12.

Scheme 1 Phase transition process based on the structure and reaction time.

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