Mechanistic and therapeutic advances in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by targeting the gut microbiota

doi:10.1007/s11684-018-0645-9

Front. Med.

2018, Vol. 12

Issue (6) : 645-657 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-018-0645-9

REVIEW

Mechanistic and therapeutic advances in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by targeting the gut microbiota

Ruiting Han, Junli Ma, Houkai Li(

)

Functional Metabolomic and Gut Microbiome Laboratory, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China

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Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common metabolic diseases currently in the context of obesity worldwide, which contains a spectrum of chronic liver diseases, including hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatic carcinoma. In addition to the classical “Two-hit” theory, NAFLD has been recognized as a typical gut microbiota-related disease because of the intricate role of gut microbiota in maintaining human health and disease formation. Moreover, gut microbiota is even regarded as a “metabolic organ” that play complementary roles to that of liver in many aspects. The mechanisms underlying gut microbiota-mediated development of NAFLD include modulation of host energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and bile acid and choline metabolism. As a result, gut microbiota have been emerging as a novel therapeutic target for NAFLD by manipulating it in various ways, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and herbal components. In this review, we summarized the most recent advances in gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms, as well as gut microbiota-targeted therapies on NAFLD.

Keywords gut microbiota NAFLD obesity insulin resistance bile acids probiotic

Corresponding Author(s): Houkai Li

Just Accepted Date: 27 July 2018 Online First Date: 04 September 2018 Issue Date: 03 December 2018

Cite this article:

Ruiting Han,Junli Ma,Houkai Li. Mechanistic and therapeutic advances in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by targeting the gut microbiota[J]. Front. Med., 2018, 12(6): 645-657.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fmd/EN/10.1007/s11684-018-0645-9
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fmd/EN/Y2018/V12/I6/645

Fig.1 A schematic illustration of the role of gut microbiota in NAFLD development. FIAF, fasting induced adipose factor; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; SCFAs, short chain fatty acids; GPRs, G protein-coupled receptors GPR41 and GPR43; PYY, peptide YY; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; FFA, free fatty acid; ZO-1\Occludin, two tight junction proteins; LPS, lipopolysaccharides; TLR, Toll like receptor; CD14, monocyte differentiation antigen; NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB; JNK, Jun N-terminal kinase; TNF-α, tumor-necrosis factor α; IL, interleukin; TMA, trimethylamine; FMO1 and FMO3, flavin monooxygenases 1 and 3; TMAO, trimethylamine oxide; TGR5, G protein-coupled receptor; FXR, farnesoid X receptor; and BA, bile acids.

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