Novel optoelectronic characteristics from manipulating general energy-bands by nanostructures

doi:10.1007/s12200-016-0615-2

Front. Optoelectron.

2016, Vol. 9

Issue (2) : 151-159 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-016-0615-2

REVIEW ARTICLE

Novel optoelectronic characteristics from manipulating general energy-bands by nanostructures

Yidong HUANG(

), Kaiyu CUI, Fang LIU, Xue FENG, Wei ZHANG

State Key Lab of Integrated Optoelectronics, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Download: PDF(2325 KB) HTML
Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks

Abstract

This paper summarizes our research work on optoelectronic devices with nanostructures. It was indicated that by manipulating so called “general energy-bands” of fundamental particles or quasi-particles, such as photon, phonon, and surface plasmon polariton (SPP), novel optoelectronic characteristics can be obtained, which results in a series of new functional devices. A silicon based optical switch with an extremely broadband of 24 nm and an ultra-compact (8 mm × 17.6 mm) footprint was demonstrated with a photonic crystal slow light waveguides. By proposing a nanobeam based hetero optomechanical crystal, a high phonon frequency of 5.66 GHz was realized experimentally. Also, we observed and verified a novel effect of two-surface-plasmon-absorption (TSPA), and realized diffraction-limit-overcoming photolithography with resolution of ~1/11 of the exposure wavelength.

Keywords photonic crystal waveguide (PCWG) optomechanical crystal surface plasmon polariton (SPP) two-surface-plasmon-absorption (TSPA)

Corresponding Author(s): Yidong HUANG

Just Accepted Date: 26 February 2016 Online First Date: 28 March 2016 Issue Date: 05 April 2016

Cite this article:

Yidong HUANG,Kaiyu CUI,Fang LIU, et al. Novel optoelectronic characteristics from manipulating general energy-bands by nanostructures[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2016, 9(2): 151-159.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/10.1007/s12200-016-0615-2
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/Y2016/V9/I2/151

Fig.1 (a) Photonic energy-band structure of W1 PCWG; (b) photonic energy-band structure of W3 PCWG; (c) schematic of W1 PCWG; (d) schematic of W3 PCWG; (e) MSB (mini-gap) in photonic energy-band structure of W3 PCWG [6]

Fig.2 High quality W1 PCWG with air-bridge structure fabricated on silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate, where the period a = 420 nm, radius r = 124 nm, and the thickness of the silicon layer h = 200 nm. (a) is the total view and (b) is the view at the joint facet of the strip waveguide and the W1 PCWG [7]

Fig.3 (a) Measured transmission spectrum and group index of W1 PCWG with length of 480 mm. The gray line is transmission spectrum, black line with square symbol is group index [7]; (b) 10G microwave signal was delayed by the slow light effect at different wavelength. The time delay of 25 ps was obtained corresponding the group velocity is about c/15

Fig.4 (a) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the fabricated double-slots PCWG; (b) photonic energy-band for transverse electric (TE)-mode of W3 PCWG with r/a = 0.28; (c) photonic energy-band for TE-mode of double-slots PCWG with r/a = 0.28, W₀ = 1.2a, and W_slot = 0.2a [8]

Fig.5 Transmission spectra of W3 and double-slots PCWGs shown in Fig. 4 with a length of 50 lattice constants (L = 50a) [8]

Fig.6 (a) A W2 PCWG with an integrated titanium/aluminum microheater on its surface; (b) SEM image of the W2 PCWG [1]

Fig.7 (a) Photonic energy band of the W2 PCWG; (b) transmission spectra of the W2 PCWG under different heating power of the microheater; (c) extinction ratio of the W2 PCWG operating as an optical switch [1]

Fig.8 (a) Schematic of the one-dimensional hetero optomechanical crystal cavity; (b) SEM image of the top-view of the one dimensional hetero optomechanical crystal cavity with evanescent coupling waveguide after inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching and electron beam (EB) removing process [10]

Fig.9 (a) Energy-band for photon with light line. The gray region represents the optical band-gap formed by P-I periodic structure. The red dash-line represents a cavity optical mode with frequency of 194 THz; (b) y-, z-symmetric mechanical band (energy-band for phonon). The gray region represents the mechanical band-gap formed by P-II periodic structure. The red dash-line represents a mechanical defect mode with frequency of 5.88 GHz [2]

Fig.10 (a) Normalized optical transmission spectrum of nanobeam cavity from the output of the evanescent coupling waveguide. The insert is the detail enlargement around the resonant frequency; (b) power spectrum density of the output optical signal [10]

Fig.11 Dispersion curve of light in vacuum (orange line) and SPP (green line), and the schematic mechanisms of TPA (blue) and TSPA (red) [3]

Fig.12 Experimental results of TSPA-IN under the exposure wavelength of 800 nm. (a) Surface profile of the resist pattern at average exposure power of 630 mW for 10 s; (b) surface profile of the resist pattern at average exposure power of 230 mW for 15 s. The insect is the atomic force microscope (AFM) photo of the resist pattern [3]

Fig.13 (a) Dispersion curves of the Au(1−a)-SiO₂(a) cermet waveguide with different componentsa = 0, 10%, 20%, and 30%. Inset is a typical photoluminescence spectrum of the NP-Si. The shaded area corresponds to frequency domain between two half maxima; (b) dependence on SiO₂ volume fraction a of resonance frequency w_p (square) of the waveguide and high frequency dielectric constant

ε ∞

(circle) in Drude model of the metal-rich cermet. Inset is the schematic structure of a NP-Si layer with an Au (1−a)-SiO₂(a) cermet waveguide [14]

1	K Cui, X Feng, Y Huang, Q Zhao, Z Huang, W Zhang. Broadband switching functionality based on defect mode coupling in W2 photonic crystal waveguide. Applied Physics Letters, 2012, 101(15): 151110 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4758471
2	Z Huang, K Cui, Y Li, X Feng, F Liu, W Zhang, Y Huang. Strong optomechanical coupling in nanobeam cavities based on hetero optomechanical crystals. Scientific Reports, 2015, 5: 15964 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep15964 pmid: 26530128
3	Y Li, F Liu, L Xiao, K Cui, X Feng, W Zhang, Y Huang. Two-surface-plasmon-polariton-absorption based nanolithography. Applied Physics Letters, 2013, 102(6): 063113 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4792591
4	E Yablonovitch. Inhabited spontaneous emission in solid-state physics and electronics. Physical Review Letters, 1987,58(20): 2059–2062
5	S John. Strong localization of photos in certain disordered dielectric superlattices. Physical Review Letter, 1987, 58(23): 2486–2489.
6	K Cui , Y Huang , W Zhang, , J Peng. Modified gain and mode characteristics in two-dimension photonic crystal waveguide with microcavity structure. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 2008, 26 (9-12 ):1492–1497
7	C Zhang, Y Huang, X Mao, K Cui, Y Huang, W Zhang, J Peng. Slow light by two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides. Chinese Physics Letters, 2009, 26(7): 074216
8	K Cui, Y Huang, G Zhang, Y Li, X Tang, X Mao, Q Zhao, W Zhang, J Peng. Temperature dependence of ministop band in double-slots photonic crystal waveguides. Applied Physics Letters, 2009, 95(19): 191901 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3258072
9	M Eichenfield, J Chan, R M Camacho, K J Vahala, O Painter. Optomechanical crystals. Nature, 2009, 462(7269): 78–82 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08524 pmid: 19838165
10	Z Huang, K Cui, G Bai, Y Li, X Feng, F Liu, W Zhang, Y. HuangDemonstration of hetero optomechanical crystal nanobeam cavities with high mechanical frequency. In: Photonic West. 2016, 9756–21
11	H Raether. Surface Plasmons. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988
12	A V Zayats, I I Smolyaninov, A A Maradudin. Nano-optics of surface plasmon polaritons. Physics Reports, 2005, 408(3-4): 131–314 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2004.11.001
13	L T Canham. Silicon quantum wire array fabrication by electrochemical and chemical dissolution of wafers. Applied Physics Letters, 1990, 57(10): 1046–1048 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.103561
14	X Hu, Y Huang, W Zhang, J Peng. Dominating radiative recombination in a nanoporous silicon layer with a metal–rich Au(1−a)-SiO2(a) cermet waveguide. Applied Physics Letters, 2006, 89:081112

[1]	Chenhao WAN, Guanghao RUI, Jian CHEN, Qiwen ZHAN. Detection of photonic orbital angular momentum with micro- and nano-optical structures[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2019, 12(1): 88-96.
[2]	Jian WANG. A review of recent progress in plasmon-assisted nanophotonic devices[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2014, 7(3): 320-337.
[3]	Gongli XIAO, Xiang JI, Linfei GAO, Xingjun WANG, Zhiping ZHOU. Effect of dipole location on profile properties of symmetric surface plasmon polariton mode in Au/Al₂O₃/Au waveguide[J]. Front Optoelec, 2012, 5(1): 63-67.
[4]	Xue FENG, Fang LIU, Yidong HUANG. Spontaneous emission rate enhancement of nano-structured silicon by surface plasmon polariton[J]. Front Optoelec, 2012, 5(1): 51-62.

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed