Recent advances in microwave photonics

doi:10.1007/s12200-016-0633-0

Front. Optoelectron.

2016, Vol. 9

Issue (2) : 160-185 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-016-0633-0

REVIEW ARTICLE

Recent advances in microwave photonics

Ming LI(

),Ninghua ZHU(

)

State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China

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Abstract

Microwave photonics (MWP) is an interdisciplinary field that combines two different areas of microwave engineering and photonics. It has several key features by transferring signals between the optical domain and microwave domain, which leads to the advantages of broad operation bandwidth for generation, processing and distribution of microwave signals and high resolution for optical spectrum measurement. In this paper, we comprehensively review past and current status of MWP in China by introducing the representative works from most of the active MWP research groups. Future prospective is also discussed from the national strategy to key enabling technology that we have developed.

Keywords microwave photonics (MWP) integrated microwave photonics (IMWP) optical analog device and system direct modulation laser radio over fiber phase stabilized analog optical link optoelectronic oscillators (OEOs) microwave photonics filter (MPF) arbitrary waveform generation (AWG) optical phase locked looping (OPLL) microwave photonics front-ends (MWP-FE) optical vector network analyzer

Corresponding Author(s): Ming LI,Ninghua ZHU

Just Accepted Date: 16 March 2016 Online First Date: 29 March 2016 Issue Date: 05 April 2016

Cite this article:

Ming LI,Ninghua ZHU. Recent advances in microwave photonics[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2016, 9(2): 160-185.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/10.1007/s12200-016-0633-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/Y2016/V9/I2/160

Fig.1 Publications and citations records in the MWP topic of China, USA and Japan in the past 20 years (Data: from Web of Sciences)

Fig.2 Total publications and average citation of each publication of the active countries (Data: from Web of Sciences)

Tab.1 Selected funded major projects on MWP in the past few years

Tab.2 Comparison of microwave, optical and MWP devices

Fig.3 Prototype devices and bandwidth characteristics of the 24 GHz analog direct modulation laser [8]

Fig.4 Experimental setup for microwave signal generation using an EAM integrated in between two DFB lasers [13]

Fig.5 (a) Optical spectrum and (b) corresponding electrical spectrum (dashed line). The electrical spectrum after adjusting the bias current of the DFB laser 2 is also included [13]

Fig.6 AFL (upper) consisting of a DFB, a phase and an amplifier section; dual-mode state of an AFL (lower left); tunable output from an AFL-based OEO (lower right). SCH: separate confinement heterostructure; MQW: multiple quantum well [14,15]

Fig.7 (a) Schematic of the experiment system setup. ML: master laser; SL: slave laser, i.e., microsquare laser; PA: power amplifier; PSA: PSA series spectrum analyzer; SMF: single-mode fiber; OSA: optical spectrum analyzer; (b) principle schematic of photonic generated microwave inside the microcavity laser. T: time; E_Fn – E_Fp: the difference of the Fermi levels [16,17]

Fig.8 Full-band RF photonic frontend. (a) Schematic diagram of the full-band RF photonic frontend based on the integrated full-band tunable signal processor; (b) measured SFDR of the frontend from L-band to U-band, covering from 1 to 65 GHz [18, 19]

Fig.9 High responsivity, high speed and high power integrated photodiodes based on back-to-back stacked UTC structure. CPW: coplanar waveguide [20]

Fig.10 High spectral purity mm-wave carrier generation by modulation sideband injection locking of integrated dual wavelength laser diode (LD) [21]. ML: master laser; SL: slave laser

Fig.11 Concept and principle of the notch MPF with ultra-high peak rejection and the measured RF responses of tunable ultra-high peak rejection MPF under different optical carrier wavelengths. LSB: lower sideband; USB: upper sideband [22]

Fig.12 (a) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the cascaded microring resonators (CMRRs); (b) and (c) tunability of central frequency of the MPF; (d) and (e) tunability of bandwidth of the MPF. FSR: free spectral range [23]

Fig.13 (a) Schematic structure of the RTTDL. The switch is based on a 2×2 multimode?interference (MMI); (b) optical microscope image of the fabricated chip; (c) optical photo of the package chip; (d) measured output pulses with 10 ps to 1.27 ns optical delays with respect to the reference pulse; (e) measured frequency responses of the unwrapped transmission phase for the minimum and the maximum delays [24]

Fig.14 (a) Micrograph of the fabricated SCMR and measured microwave frequency responses for varied applied DC voltages; (b) micrograph of the fabricated SCMR with its drop port as the output, and temporal waveforms of the generated 29-GHz / 39-GHz MMW signals [25]

Fig.15 Schematic diagram of the frequency-shifted heterodyne method within one setup. In the case of the Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) as DUT, the microwave frequency of MZM is set close to twice of that of PM. In the case of PM as DUT, the microwave frequency of PM is set close to twice of that of MZM. In the case of PD as DUT, the microwave frequency of MZM is set close to that of PM [29]. ESA: E series spectrum analyzer

Fig.16 Incoherent-BOS-based MPF features single-bandpass, widely tunable (0-20 GHz), arbitrary shape with Q value controllable. Followings show some figures to prove the abilities of the filter [41]. PC: polarization controller; BPD: balanced photodetector

Fig.17 Shape keeps unchanged when tuned from DC-20 GHz, and the highest Q value is 634 [41]

Fig.18 Unchanged flat-top shape with lower Q value when tuned from DC-20 GHz [41]

Fig.19 (a) Experimental setup; (b) frequency response of the IIR filters with one loop; (c) frequency response of the IIR filter with two cascaded loops [43]. DML: directly modulated laser; VNA: vector network analyzer; EA: electrical amplifier; PD: photo detector; ODL: optical delay line

Fig.20 Structure diagram for integrated access network. OLT: optical line terminal; ODN: optical distribution network [45–47]

Fig.21 60 GHz HD video real-time optical access platform

Fig.22 Experimental setup for stable dissemination millimeter-wave signal system [48–51]. OFCG: optical frequency comb generator; PMC: polarization maintaining coupler; AWG: arrayed waveguide grating

Fig.23 Allan deviation of remote distribution system [48–51]

Fig.24 (a) Measured and theoretical (solid line) amplitude comparison function (ACF) when P_m=270, 285 and 300 mW; (b) measured microwave frequencies when the input microwave frequency is tuned from 0 to 30 GHz; (c) distribution of the measurement errors [54]

Fig.25 Schematic illustration of the sub-Nyquist sampled photonic analog-to-digital converter based on of the techniques of photonic time stretch and compressive sensing.LPF: low pass filter; DSP: digital signal processing; PRBS: pseudorandom binary sequence [55–61]

Fig.26 Conceptual architecture of multi-band satellite repeater based on optical frequency combs. LNA: low noise amplifier; WDM: wavelength-division multiplexing [62,63]

Fig.27 MWP research activities in Beihang University based on OFCs [64]

Fig.28 Filter bandwidth, central frequency and selectivity tuning of SBS based MPF [67–71]

Fig.29 Different approaches for the realization of large-capacity/long-distance wireless mm-wave signal transmission [72]. MIMO: multiple-input multiple-output

Fig.30 Schematic diagram of the high-resolution optical vector analyzer based on optical single-sideband modulation [80]. OSSB: optical single-sideband; ODUT: optical device-under-test

Fig.31 Block diagram scheme of a conceptual software-defined satellite payload based on MWP; experimental demonstration of 2 ′2 microwave photonic switch for HD video [81]

Fig.32 Schematic diagram of the proposed distributed MIMO chaotic radar based on WDM technology, geometric model of two-dimensional localization with two transmitters and two receivers, and the geometric locations of six samples of the estimated positions and their corresponding actual positions [82]

Fig.33 Experimental setup for photonic chaotic UWB signal generation [83]. VA: variable attenuator; EAM: electro-absorption modulator; OOK: on-off keying

Fig.34 Waveforms (a) and RF spectra (b) of the experimentally generated chaotic UWB signal

Fig.35 Single sideband (SSB) radio over fiber by using the integrated waveguide tunable microring resonator [87]

Fig.36 Schematic diagram of the stable RF phase distribution scheme [88]. AWG: array waveguide grating; PS: power splitter; OC: optical circulator

Fig.37 Proposed OVNA with improved accuracy [89]. TLS: tunable laser source; TOBPF: tunable optical bandpass filter; EVNA: electrical vector network analyzer; ASE: amplified spontaneous emission

Fig.38 Proposed IFM system.ISO: isolator [90]

Fig.39 Phase-shifted DFB-SOA. (a) Schematic diagram and (b) the physical image of the packaged phase-shifted DFB-SOA [125]

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