Vector mode based optical direct detection orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transmission in short-reach optical link

doi:10.1007/s12200-018-0836-7

Front. Optoelectron.

2019, Vol. 12

Issue (1) : 41-51 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-018-0836-7

REVIEW ARTICLE

Vector mode based optical direct detection orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transmission in short-reach optical link

Jianping LI¹, Zhaohui LI²(

)

¹. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
². State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China

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Abstract

As one solution to implement the large-capacity space division multiplexing (SDM) transmission systems, the mode division multiplexing (MDM) has gained much attention recently. The vector mode (VM), which is the eigenmode of the optical fiber, has also been adopted to realize the optical communications including the transmission over free-space optical (FSO) and optical fiber links. Considering the concerns on the short-reach optical interconnects, the low cost and high integration technologies should be developed. Direct detection (DD) with higher-order modulation formats in combination of MDM technologies could offer an available trade-off in system performance and complexity. We review demonstrations of FSO and fiber high-speed data transmission based on the VM MDM (VMDM) technologies. The special VMs, cylindrical vector beams (CVB), have been generated by the q-plate (QP) and characterized accordingly. And then they were used to implement the VMDM transmission with direct-detection orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DD-OFDM). These demonstrations show the potential of VMDM-DD-OFDM technology in the large-capacity short-reach transmission links.

Keywords space division multiplexing (SDM) mode division multiplexing (MDM) few-mode ﬁber (FMF) vector mode (VM) cylindrical vector beam (CVB) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) direct detection (DD) optical interconnect

Corresponding Author(s): Zhaohui LI

Just Accepted Date: 27 July 2018 Online First Date: 13 September 2018 Issue Date: 29 April 2019

Cite this article:

Jianping LI,Zhaohui LI. Vector mode based optical direct detection orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transmission in short-reach optical link[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2019, 12(1): 41-51.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/10.1007/s12200-018-0836-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/Y2019/V12/I1/41

Fig.1 (a) Schematic setup for q-plate (QP) characterization by using (i) spatial optical power meter (SOPM), (ii) common OPM, and (iii) charged-coupled device (CCD) camera. L: lens; LP: linear polarizer. And the normalized power vs. applied V_b based on (b) SOPM and (c) OPM. ROR: regular operational region; POR: partial operational region and NOR: non-operational region [¹⁴]

Fig.2 Experiment results of VM characterization [¹⁴]

Fig.3 Fig. 3 Typical Poincaré spheres for (a) l = 0, (b) l = 1, (c) l = - 1 and (d) l = 2 respectively [²⁰]

Fig.4 Schematic of effective conversion between different VMs. COL: collimator [²⁰]

Fig.5 Insets (A₁)/(A₂)−(E₁)/(E₂) show the intensity profiles of typical VMs labeled in Fig. 4. Insets (b₁)/(b₂)−(e₁)/(e₂) indicate the polarization distribution of the these VMs [²⁰]

Fig.6 Mode crosstalk of different VMs [²⁰]

Fig.7 Experimental setup for VMDM-based optical transmission in FSO link. IM: intensity modulator; AWG: arbitrary waveform generator; EDFA: Erbium-doped fiber amplifier; PC: polarization controller; SMF: single mode fiber; PBS: polarization beam splitter; TOF: tunable optical filter; VOA: variable optical attenuator; PD: photo-detector; OSC: oscilloscope [¹⁴]

Fig.8 (a) Bit-error-ratio (BER) performance of the two-mode VMDM transmission. B2B: back-to-back; (b) constellations for the cases (i, ii, iii and iv) dotted-circle in Fig. 7 when the received optical power is -14 dBm [¹⁴]

Fig.9 Schematic of four-mode VMDM demonstration. Intensity profiles of (a) the 4 multiplexed VMs, (b) the demultiplexed HE_21e and HE_21o channels, (c) the un-demultiplexed TE₀₁ and TM₀₁ modes, (d) the demultiplexed VMs of TE₀₁ and TM₀₁ modes, and (e) the un-demultiplexed HE_21e and HE_21o modes [²⁰]

Fig.10 (a) BER performance of VMDM transmission with 2 channels (2 Chs) and 4 channels (4 Chs), respectively; (b) power penalties for the cases shown in Fig. 10(a) [²⁰]

Fig.11 Demonstration of multichannel VMDM transmission. OFCG: optical frequency comb generator; RF: ratio frequency; WSS: wavelength selective switch; EA: electrical ampliﬁer. (i) Intensity profile of two multiplexed VMs, (ii) spectrum of OFCG after shaping by the WSS [²¹]

Fig.12 (a) Measured crosstalk; (b) BER performances [²¹]

Fig.13 (a) Experiment setup for CVB performance characterization. FMF: four-mode few-mode fiber; PC-FMF: polarization controller fabricated by four-mode fiber; PG: polarization grating; QWP: quarter-wave plate. (i) Intensity profile of converted VM by QP. (b) Power ratio between the two basic states with transmission over different distances. (c) (ii) and (iii) are the intensity profiles of the two orthogonal states after 5 m FMF propagation; (iv) and (v) the interference patterns corresponding to the (ii) and (iii), respectively. (d) Index profile of the used FMF

Tab.1 Modal isolation (dB) for CVBs transmission over the used FMF.

Fig.14 Demonstrations of VMDM-DD-OFDM transmission over FMF link. Intensity profiles: (i) the unconverted fundamental mode, (ii) the converted CVBs, (iii) output CVBs after transmission 100 m FMF, and (iv) the de-multiplexed CVBs [²³]

Fig.15 BER performances of VMDM transmission over FMF link of length (a) 5 m with 16QAM; (b) 100 m with QPSK [²³]

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