Please wait a minute...
Shopping Cart Email List Chinese
Advanced Search Fig/Tab
Frontiers of Materials Science

ISSN 2095-025X

ISSN 2095-0268(Online)

CN 11-5985/TB

Postal Subscription Code 80-974

2018 Impact Factor: 1.701

Featured Articles  |  Most Downloaded  |  Most Reading
Online Submission Subscribe to Our RSS Content Feed
Front Mater Sci    2011, Vol. 5 Issue (4) : 388-400    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-011-0152-2
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Modification on crystallization of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) by solvent extraction of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in PVDF/PMMA blends
Jing SUN1, Lu YAO1, Qiao-Ling ZHAO2, Jin HUANG2, Rui SONG1,3(), Zhi MA2, Ling-Hao HE1, Wei HUANG4, Yong-Mei HAO3
1. Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Sciences of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450005, China; 2. Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; 3. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 4. Laboratory of Advanced Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
 Download: PDF(1189 KB)   HTML
 Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks
Abstract

The crystallization modification of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) was investigated for the blend films of PVDF and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The mass crystallinity (χc) and further, the β-phase content (F(β)) of PVDF, were studied for the as-prepared blend films with different mass ratios. In addition, the variations of χc and F(β) were systematically probed once the PMMA component was removed from the related blend systems. DSC, FTIR and XRD measurements all indicated that 1) χc, F(β) and even the content of α-phase (F(α)) decreased with the addition of PMMA; 2) with the extraction of PMMA, both χc and F(β) increased while F(α) decreased. It is worth noting that the increase of χc and F(β) depended on the relative amount of extracted PMMA (EPMMA), i.e., the more PMMA was removed, the more χc and F(β) increased. These results reveal the hindrance effect from the PMMA constituent to the crystallization of PVDF, and consequently, this restriction would be released when the PMMA was extracted.
Keywords poly(vinylidene fluoride)      poly(methyl methacrylate)      blend film      crystallization     
Corresponding Author(s): SONG Rui,Email:rsong@gucas.ac.cn   
Issue Date: 05 December 2011
 Cite this article:   
Jing SUN,Lu YAO,Qiao-Ling ZHAO, et al. Modification on crystallization of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) by solvent extraction of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in PVDF/PMMA blends[J]. Front Mater Sci, 2011, 5(4): 388-400.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/10.1007/s11706-011-0152-2
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/Y2011/V5/I4/388
Fig.1  The procedures of sample preparation.
SeriesSample
Sample II (9/1), I (8/2), I (7/3), I (6/4), I (5/5)
Sample IIII (9/1-2), II (9/1-4), II (9/1-6), II (9/1-10)
II (5/5-2), II (5/5-4), II (5/5-6), II (5/5-10)
Sample IIIIII (P-2), III (P-15), III (P-30)
Sample IVIV (9/1), IV (5/5)
Sample VV (9/1-2), V (5/5-2)
Tab.1  Samples used in this investigation
Samplem0 /gm′ /gEPMMA /wt.%
I (9/1)–––
II (9/1-2)0.05790.05748.62
II (9/1-4)0.06190.061211.29
II (9/1-6)0.06390.062015.63
II (9/1-10)0.06140.060219.54
Tab.2  Extracted PMMA content of II (9/1 Series) with different treated time
Samplem0 /gm′ /gEPMMA /wt.%
I (5/5)–––
II (5/5-2)0.05140.033768.87
II (5/5-4)0.06180.039771.52
II (5/5-6)0.06720.042473.81
II (5/5-10)0.06140.038375.24
Tab.3  Extracted PMMA content of II (5/5 Series) with different treated time
Fig.2  POM images of sample I: pure PVDF; I (9/1); I (8/2); I (7/3); I (6/4); I (5/5).
Fig.3  WAXD spectra of sample I. WAXD spectra of sample IV at 30°C and 150°C.
Fig.4  FTIR and DSC measurements of samples: FTIR spectra; variation of and with the PMMA loading; DSC heating thermogram; DSC cooling thermogram.
Fig.5  FTIR spectra of sample II (9/1 series) and sample II (5/5 series).
Fig.6  DSC heating thermogram of sample II (9/1 series). DSC cooling thermogram of sample II (9/1 series). DSC heating thermogram of sample II (5/5 series). DSC cooling thermogram of sample II (5/5 series).
Fig.7  Variation of , and values with the immersing time in chloroform of sample II (9/1 series) and sample II (5/5 series).
Fig.8  WAXD patterns of sample II (9/1 series). WAXD patterns: sample V (9/1-2) at 30°C; sample V (9/1-2) at 150°C; sample V (5/5-2) at 30°C; sample V (5/5-2) at 150°C.
Fig.9  FTIR spectra of pure PVDF and sample III obtained by immersing pure PVDF in chloroform for 2, 15 and 30 d.
1 Tashiro K, Tadokoro H, Kobayashi M. Structure and piezoelectricity of poly(vinylidene fluoride). Ferroelectrics , 1981, 32(1): 167–175
2 Firmino Mendes S, Costa C M, Sencadas V, . Effect of the ceramic grain size and concentration on the dynamical mechanical and dielectric behavior of poly(vinilidene fluoride)/Pb(Zr0.53Ti0.47)O3 composites. Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing , 2009, 96(4): 899–908
3 Benz M, Euler W B, Gregory O J. The role of solution phase water on the deposition of thin films of poly(vinylidene fluoride). Macromolecules , 2002, 35(7): 2682–2688
4 Lin D J, Chang H H, Beltsios K, . Effect of postcasting heat-treatment on the structure and properties of semicrystalline phase-inversion poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics , 2009, 47(19): 1880–1893
5 Choi S, Jiang Z W. A novel wearable sensor device with conductive fabric and PVDF film for monitoring cardiorespiratory signals. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical , 2006, 128(2): 317–326
6 Saunier J, Alloin F, Sanchez J Y, . Plasticized microporous poly(vinylidene fluoride) separators for lithium-ion batteries. I. Swelling behavior of dense membranes with respect to a liquid electrolyte-Characterization of the swelling equilibrium. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics , 2004, 42(3): 532–543
7 Saunier J, Alloin F, Sanchez J Y, . Plasticized microporous poly(vinylidene fluoride) separators for lithium-ion batteries. II. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) dense membrane swelling behavior in a liquid electrolyte-characterization of the swelling kinetics. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics , 2004, 42(3): 544–552
8 Saunier J, Alloin F, Sanchez J Y, . Plasticized microporous poly(vinylidene fluoride) separators for lithium-ion batteries. III. Gel properties and irreversible modifications of poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes under swelling in liquid electrolytes. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics , 2004, 42(12): 2308–2317
9 Laroche G, Lafrance C P, Prud’homme R E, . Identification and quantification of the crystalline structures of poly(vinylidene fluoride) sutures by wide-angle X-ray scattering and differential scanning calorimetry. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research , 1998, 39(2): 184–189
10 Scheinbeim J I. In: Mark J E, ed. Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride). New York: Oxford University Press, 1999, 949
11 Guerra G, Karasz F E, Macknight W J. On blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride) and poly(vinyl fluoride). Macromolecules , 1986, 19(7): 1935–1938
12 Kobayashi M, Tashiro K, Tadokoro H. Molecular vibrations of three crystal forms of poly(vinylidene fluoride). Macromolecules , 1975, 8(2): 158–171
13 Salimi A, Yousefi A A. Conformational changes and phase transformation mechanisms in PVDF solution-cast films. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics , 2004, 42(18): 3487–3495
14 Shah D, Maiti P, Gunn E, . Dramatic enhancements in toughness of polyvinylidene fluoride nanocomposites via nanoclay-directed crystal structure and morphology. Advanced Materials , 2004, 16(14): 1173–1177
15 He X J, Yao K. Crystallization mechanism and piezoelectric properties of solution-derived ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) thin films. Applied Physics Letters , 2006, 89(11): 112909 (3 pages)
16 Park Y J, Kang Y S, Park C. Micropatterning of semicrystalline poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) solutions. European Polymer Journal , 2005, 41(5): 1002–1012
17 Pae K D, Bhateja S K, Gilbert J R. Increase in crystallinity in poly(vinylidene fluoride) by electron beam radiation. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics , 1987, 25(4): 717–722
18 Andrew J S, Clarke D R. Enhanced ferroelectric phase content of polyvinylidene difluoride fibers with the addition of magnetic nanoparticles. Langmuir , 2008, 24(16): 8435–8438
19 Andrew J S, Clarke D R. Effect of electrospinning on the ferroelectric phase content of polyvinylidene difluoride fibers. Langmuir , 2008, 24(3): 670–672
20 He L H, Xu Q, Hua C W, . Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on crystallization, thermal, and mechanical properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride). Polymer Composites , 2010, 31(5): 921–927
21 Liu Y-L, Li Y, Xu J-T, . Cooperative effect of electrospinning and nanoclay on formation of polar crystalline phases in poly(vinylidene fluoride). ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces , 2010, 2(6): 1759–1768
22 Ma W Z, Zhang J, Chen S J, . β-Phase of poly(vinylidene fluoride) formation in poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(methyl methacrylate) blend from solutions. Applied Surface Science , 2008, 254(17): 5635–5642
23 Nalwa H S. Ferroelectric Polymers: Chemistry, Physics and Applications. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1995, 63–188
24 He X J, Yao K, Gan B K. Phase transition and properties of a ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) copolymer. Journal of Applied Physics , 2005, 97(8): 084101–084106
25 Ma W Z, Zhang J, Wang X L. Formation of poly(vinylidene fluoride) crystalline phases from tetrahydrofuran/N, N-dimethylformamide mixed solvent. Journal of Materials Science , 2008, 43(1): 398–401
26 Gregorio R Jr. Determination of the α, β, and γ crystalline phases of poly(vinylidene fluoride) films prepared at different conditions. Journal of Applied Polymer Science , 2006, 100(4): 3272–3279
27 Nakamura K, Nagai M, Kanamoto T, . Development of oriented structure and properties on drawing of poly(vinylidene fluoride) by solid-state coextrusion. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics , 2001, 39(12): 1371–1380
28 Humphreys J, Lewis E L V, Ward I M, . A study of the mechanical anisotropy of high-draw, low-draw, and voided PVDF. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics , 1988, 26(1): 141–158
29 Gregorio R Jr, Borges D S. Effect of crystallization rate on the formation of the polymorphs of solution cast poly(vinylidene fluoride). Polymer , 2008, 49(18): 4009–4016
30 Priya L, Jog J P. Intercalated poly(vinylidene fluoride)/clay nanocomposites: Structure and properties. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics , 2003, 41(1): 31–38
31 He L H, Sun J, Zheng X L, . Effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on crystallization behavior of poly(vinylidene fluoride) in different solvents. Journal of Applied Polymer Science , 2011, 119(4): 1905–1913
32 Ramasundaram S, Yoon S, Kim K J, . Preferential formation of electroactive crystalline phases in poly(vinylidene fluoride)/organically modified silicate nanocomposites. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics , 2008, 46(20): 2173–2187
33 Nasir M, Matsumoto H, Danno T, . Control of diameter, morphology, and structure of PVDF nanofiber fabricated by electrospray deposition. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics , 2006, 44(5): 779–786
34 Zheng J F, He A, Li J X, . Polymorphism control of poly(vinylidene fluoride) through electrospinning. Macromolecular Rapid Communications , 2007, 28(22): 2159–2162
35 Nishi T, Wang T T. Melting point depression and kinetic effects of cooling on crystallization in poly(vinylidene fluoride)-poly(methyl methacrylate) mixtures. Macromolecules , 1975, 8(6): 909–915
36 Ma W Z, Zhang J, Wang X L, . Effect of PMMA on crystallization behavior and hydrophilicity of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(methyl methacrylate) blend prepared in semi-dilute solutions. Applied Surface Science , 2007, 253(20): 8377–8388
37 Patterson G D, Nishi T, Wang T T. Brillouin scattering from poly(vinylidene fluoride)-poly(methyl methacrylate) mixtures. Macromolecules , 1976, 9(4): 603–605
38 Yoshida H, Sasaki H, Bala P K, . Miscibility of PVDF/PMMA blends examined by crystallization dynamics. Polymer , 1995, 36(25): 4805–4810
39 Hirata Y, Kotaka T. Phase separation and viscoelastic behavior of semicompatible polymer blends: poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(methyl methacrylate) system. Polymer Journal , 1981, 13(3): 273–281
40 Salimi A, Yousefi A A. Analysis Method: FTIR studies of β-phase crystal formation in stretched PVDF films. Polymer Testing , 2003, 22(6): 699–704
42 Nakagawa K, Ishida Y. Annealing effects in poly(vinylidene fluoride) as revealed by specific volume measurements, differential scanning calorimetry, and electron microscopy. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics , 1973, 11(11): 2153–2171
43 Kim K J, Cho Y J, Kim Y H. Factors determining the formation of the β crystalline phase of poly(vinylidene fluoride) in poly(vinylidene fluoride)-poly(methyl methacrylate) blends. Vibrational Spectroscopy , 1995, 9(2): 147–159
44 Pawde S M, Deshmukh K. Investigation of the structural, thermal, mechanical, and optical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) blends. Journal of Applied Polymer Science , 2009, 114(4): 2169–2179
45 Gregorio R Jr, Ueno E M. Effect of crystalline phase, orientation and temperature on the dielectric properties of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). Journal of Materials Science , 1999, 34(18): 4489–4500
46 Horibe H, Taniyama M. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) crystal structure of poly(vinylidene fluoride) and poly(methyl methacrylate) blend after annealing. Journal of the Electrochemical Society , 2006, 153(2): G119–G124
47 Yuan J K, Dang Z M, Yao S H, . Fabrication and dielectric properties of advanced high permittivity polyaniline/poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanohybrid films with high energy storage density. Journal of Materials Chemistry , 2010, 20(12): 2441–2447
48 Zhao X J, Cheng J, Chen S J, . Controlled crystallization of poly(vinylidene fluoride) chains from mixed solvents composed of its good solvent and nonsolvent. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics , 2010, 48(5): 575–581
49 Danno T, Matsumoto H, Nasir M, . PVDF/PMMA composite nanofiber fabricated by electrospray deposition: crystallization of PVDF induced by solvent extraction of PMMA component. Journal of Applied Polymer Science , 2009, 112(4): 1868–1872
50 Tashiro K, Itoh Y, Kobayashi M, . Polarized Raman spectra and LO-TO splitting of poly(vinylidene fluoride) crystal form I. Macromolecules , 1985, 18(12): 2600–2606
51 Dikshit A K, Nandi A K. Thermoreversible gelation of poly(vinylidene fluoride) in diesters: influence of intermittentlength on morphology and thermodynamics of gelation. Macromolecules , 2000, 33(7): 2616–2625
52 Gregorio R Jr, Cestari M. Effect of crystallization temperature on the crystalline phase content and morphology of poly(vinylidene fluoride). Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics , 1994, 32(5): 859–870
53 Benz M, Euler W B. Determination of the crystalline phases of poly(vinylidene fluoride) under different preparation conditions using differential scanning calorimetry and infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Applied Polymer Science , 2003, 89(4): 1093–1100
[1] Feng LI, Yang LIU, Xu-Bo LI. Dynamic recrystallization behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloy processed by alternate forward extrusion[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2017, 11(3): 296-305.
[2] Linhui ZHANG, Yan JIANG, Qianfeng FANG, Zhuoming XIE, Shu MIAO, Longfei ZENG, Tao ZHANG, Xianping WANG, Changsong LIU. Microstructure and mechanical properties of tungsten composite reinforced by fibre network[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2017, 11(2): 190-196.
[3] Hua DENG, Xing-Can SHEN, Xiu-Mei WANG, Chang DU. Calcium carbonate crystallization controlled by functional groups: A mini-review[J]. Front Mater Sci, 2013, 7(1): 62-68.
[4] Qiong ZHOU, Olga ALBERT, Hua DENG, Xiao-Long YU, Yang CAO, Jian-Bao LI, Xin HUANG. Effect of functional groups on the crystallization of ferric oxides/oxyhydroxides in suspension environment[J]. Front Mater Sci, 2012, 6(4): 297-303.
[5] Jing SUN, Ling-Hao HE, Qiao-Ling ZHAO, Li-Fang CAI, Rui SONG, Yong-Mei HAO, Zhi MA, Wei HUANG. A simple and controllable nanostructure comprising non-conductive poly(vinylidene fluoride) and graphene nanosheets for supercapacitor[J]. Front Mater Sci, 2012, 6(2): 149-159.
[6] Xian-Kai LIN, Xia FENG, Li CHEN, Yi-Ping ZHAO. Characterization of temperature-sensitive membranes prepared from poly(vinylidene fluoride)-graft-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) copolymers obtained by atom transfer radical polymerization[J]. Front Mater Sci Chin, 2010, 4(4): 345-352.
[7] Cheng-Liang MIAO, Cheng-Jia SHANG, Guo-Dong ZHANG, Guo-Hui ZHU, Hatem ZUROB, Sundaresa SUBRAMANIAN, . Studies on softening kinetics of niobium microalloyed steel using stress relaxation technique[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2010, 4(2): 197-201.
[8] Ming-tao RUN, Zeng-kun WANG, Xin LI, Hong-chi ZHAO, . Crystal morphology, mechanical property and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/maleinized poly(ethylene-octene) copolymer binary blends[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2009, 3(4): 386-394.
[9] Jun-tao LI, Wei-dong MIAO, Yu-ling HU, Yan-jun ZHENG, Li-shan CUI. Amorphization and crystallization characteristics of TiNi shape memory alloys by severe plastic deformation[J]. Front Mater Sci Chin, 2009, 3(3): 325-328.
[10] WU Mao, HE Xin-bo, SHEN Zhuo-shen, QU Xuan-hui. Crystallization and wetting of ZnO-AlO-BO-SiO glass-ceramic for sealing to Kovar alloy[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2008, 2(4): 345-350.
[11] MAO Wei-min, AN Zhi-guo, LI Yang. Challenges of the study on precipitation behaviors of MnS in oriented electrical steels[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2008, 2(3): 233-238.
[12] LIU Dan-min, HAO Fei, ZHANG Jiu-xing, HU Yan-cao, ZHOU Mei-ling. Investigation of cube-textured Ni-7at.%W alloy substrates for YBaCuO coated superconductors[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2008, 2(3): 295-300.
[13] ZHU Guohui, S. V. Subramanian. Effect of Mn on strain accumulation in Nb microalloying steels[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2007, 1(3): 274-279.
[14] ZHENG Qiang, ZUO Min, PENG Mao, SHEN Lie, FAN Yurun. Rheological study of microstructures and properties for polymeric materials[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2007, 1(1): 1-6.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed