Construction of upconversion fluoride/attapulgite nanocomposite for visible-light-driven photocatalytic nitrogen fixation

doi:10.1007/s11706-020-0524-6

Front. Mater. Sci.

2020, Vol. 14

Issue (4) : 469-480 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-020-0524-6

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Construction of upconversion fluoride/attapulgite nanocomposite for visible-light-driven photocatalytic nitrogen fixation

Xuhua YE¹, Xiangyu YAN¹, Xini CHU¹, Shixiang ZUO¹, Wenjie LIU¹, Xiazhang LI^1,²(

), Chao YAO¹(

)

¹. Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
². Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA

Download: PDF(1790 KB) HTML
Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks

Abstract

Developing photocatalysts with wide spectrum absorption and strong nitrogen activation is critical for nitrogen fixation under mild conditions. Herein, one-dimensional natural clay attapulgite (ATP) supported YF₃:Sm³⁺ were successfully synthesized via microwave hydrothermal method, and the composites were employed as the catalyst for photocatalytic nitrogen fixation under visible-light irradiation. Results indicated that the production of ammonia reached as high as 41.2 mg·L⁻¹ within 3 h when the molar ratio of Sm³⁺ and the mass fraction of YF₃:Sm³⁺ were optimized. The enhanced fixation performance is mainly due to that the modified ATP fibber with abundant active sites and the doped fluoride with defective vacancy facilitate the adsorption and activation of N₂. Furthermore, the upconversion property of YF₃:Sm³⁺ increases the harvesting of visible-light energy, meanwhile the Z-scheme heterostructure built between YF₃:Sm³⁺ and modified ATP inhibits the recombination of charge carriers and retains high redox potentials for N₂ reduction.

Keywords photocatalysis nitrogen fixation attapulgite upconversion Z-scheme

Corresponding Author(s): Xiazhang LI,Chao YAO

Online First Date: 28 September 2020 Issue Date: 09 December 2020

Cite this article:

Xuhua YE,Xiangyu YAN,Xini CHU, et al. Construction of upconversion fluoride/attapulgite nanocomposite for visible-light-driven photocatalytic nitrogen fixation[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2020, 14(4): 469-480.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/10.1007/s11706-020-0524-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/Y2020/V14/I4/469

Fig.1 XRD patterns of raw ATP, modified ATP, YF₃:Sm³⁺ and YF₃:Sm³⁺/ATP.

Fig.2 (a) UV–Vis absorption spectra of YF₃, YF₃:Sm³⁺, modified ATP, and YF₃:Sm³⁺/ATP. (b) Plots of (αhv)² versus hv for modified ATP and YF₃:Sm³⁺.

Fig.3 FT-IR spectra of raw ATP, modified ATP, YF₃:Sm³⁺ and YF₃:Sm³⁺/ATP.

Fig.4 TEM images of (a) modified ATP, (b) 10 wt.% YF₃:Sm³⁺/ATP, (c) 20 wt.% YF₃:Sm³⁺/ATP, (d) 30 wt.% YF₃:Sm³⁺/ATP, (e) 40 wt.% YF₃:Sm³⁺/ATP, and (f) 50 wt.% YF₃:Sm³⁺/ATP. (g) HRTEM image of 40 wt.% YF₃:Sm³⁺/ATP. (h) EDS pattern of 40 wt.% YF₃:Sm³⁺/ATP.

Fig.5 (a) Upconversion patterns of YF₃:Sm³⁺/ATP with various contents of the Sm³⁺ dopant under the excitation of 466 nm light. (b) PL spectra of YF₃:Sm³⁺/ATP with various loading amounts of YF₃:Sm³⁺ under the excitation of 300 nm light.

Fig.6 EIS spectra of YF₃:Sm³⁺/ATP composites with different loading amounts of YF₃:Sm³⁺.

Fig.7 XPS spectra of modified ATP, YF₃:Sm³⁺ and YF₃:Sm³⁺/ATP: (a) survey scan; (b) F 1s; (c) Y 3d; (d) Si 2p; (e) Sm 3d.

Fig.8 ESR spectra of ATP, YF₃:Sm³⁺ and YF₃:Sm³⁺/ATP.

Fig.9 Mott–Schottky plots of (a) modified ATP, (b) YF₃:Sm³⁺, and (c) YF₃:Sm³⁺/ATP.

Fig.10 VB-XPS spectra of (a) modified ATP and (b) YF₃:Sm³⁺.

Fig.11 (a) N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherm and surface area of YF₃:Sm³⁺/ATP. (b) Transient photocurrent response of YF₃:Sm³⁺/ATP under N₂ and Ar atmosphere.

Fig.12 Photocatalytic N₂ fixation abilities under visible-light irradiation with various YF₃:Sm³⁺ loadings on ATP.

Fig.13 The Z-scheme photocatalytic nitrogen fixation mechanism for YF₃:Sm³⁺/ATP.

1	J Kou, C Lu, J Wang, et al.. Selectivity enhancement in heterogeneous photocatalytic transformations. Chemical Reviews, 2017, 117(3): 1445–1514 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00396 pmid: 28093903
2	J Ding, Q Zhong, H Gu. Iron-titanium dioxide composite nanoparticles prepared with an energy effective method for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2018, 746: 147–152 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.01.362
3	L Ye, C Han, Z Ma, et al.. Ni2P loading on Cd0.5Zn0.5S solid solution for exceptional photocatalytic nitrogen fixation under visible light. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2017, 307: 311–318 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.08.102
4	R Li. Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation: An attractive approach for artificial photocatalysis. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2018, 39(7): 1180–1188 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2067(18)63104-3
5	J Ding, Q Zhong, H Gu. Iron-titanium dioxide composite nanoparticles prepared with an energy effective method for efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2018, 746: 147–152 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.01.362
6	D Zhu, L Zhang, R E Ruther, et al.. Photo-illuminated diamond as a solid-state source of solvated electrons in water for nitrogen reduction. Nature Materials, 2013, 12(9): 836–841 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3696 pmid: 23812128
7	G Dong, W Ho, C Wang. Selective photocatalytic N2 fixation dependent on g-C3N4 induced by nitrogen vacancies. Journal of Materials Chemistry A: Materials for Energy and Sustainability, 2015, 3(46): 23435–23441 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA06540B
8	H Diarmand-Khalilabad, A Habibi-Yangjeh, D Seifzadeh, et al.. g-C3N4 nanosheets decorated with carbon dots and CdS nanoparticles: Novel nanocomposites with excellent nitrogen photofixation ability under simulated solar irradiation. Ceramics International, 2019, 45(2): 2542–2555 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.10.185
9	P Xing, W Zhang, L Chen, et al.. Preparation of a NiO/KNbO3 nanocomposite via a photodeposition method and its superior performance in photocatalytic N2 fixation. Sustainable Energy & Fuels, 2020, 4(3): 1112–1117 https://doi.org/10.1039/C9SE01003C
10	P Xing, S Wu, Y Chen, et al.. New application and excellent performance of Ag/KNbO3 nanocomposite in photocatalytic NH3 synthesis. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2019, 7: 12408–12418 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b01938
11	S Hu, X Qu, J Bai, et al.. Effect of Cu(I)–N active sites on the N2 photofixation ability over flowerlike copper-doped g-C3N4 prepared via a novel molten salt-assisted microwave process: The experimental and density functional theory simulation analysis. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2017, 5(8): 6863–6872 https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b01089
12	S Hu, X Chen, Q Li, et al.. Fe3+ doping promoted N2 photofixation ability of honeycombed graphitic carbon nitride: The experimental and density functional theory simulation analysis. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2017, 201: 58–69 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.08.002
13	G N Schrauzer, T D Guth. Photolysis of water and photoreduction of nitrogen on titanium dioxide. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1977, 99(22): 7189–7193 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00464a015
14	H Li, J Shang, Z Ai, et al.. Efficient visible light nitrogen fixation with BiOBr nanosheets of oxygen vacancies on the exposed {0 0 1} facets. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2015, 137(19): 6393–6399 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b03105 pmid: 25874655
15	L Zeng, F Zhe, Y Wang, et al.. Preparation of interstitial carbon doped BiOI for enhanced performance in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation and methyl orange degradation. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2019, 539: 563–574 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2018.12.101 pmid: 30611052
16	X Gao, Y Shang, L Liu, et al.. Multilayer ultrathin Ag–d-Bi2O3 with ultrafast charge transformation for enhanced photocatalytic nitrogen fixation. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2019, 533: 649–657 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2018.08.091 pmid: 30195113
17	S Hu, X Chen, Q Li, et al.. Effect of sulfur vacancies on the nitrogen photofixation performance of ternary metal sulfide photocatalysts. Catalysis Science & Technology, 2016, 6(15): 5884–5890 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CY00622A
18	X Li, X Yan, S Zuo, et al.. Construction of LaFe1−xMnxO3/attapulgite nanocomposite for photo-SCR of NOx at low temperature. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2017, 320: 211–221 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.03.035
19	X Li, F Li, X Lu, et al.. Microwave hydrothermal synthesis of BiP1−xVxO4/attapulgite nanocomposite with efficient photocatalytic performance for deep desulfurization. Powder Technology, 2018, 327: 467–475 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2018.01.005
20	X Li, W Zhu, X Lu, et al.. Integrated nanostructures of CeO2/attapulgite/g-C3N4 as efficient catalyst for photocatalytic desulfurization: Mechanism, kinetics and influencing factors. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2017, 326: 87–98 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.05.131
21	J Zhang, R He, X Liu. Efficient visible light driven photocatalytic hydrogen production from water using attapulgite clay sensitized by CdS nanoparticles. Nanotechnology, 2013, 24(50): 505401 https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/24/50/505401 pmid: 24284430
22	X Li, H Shi, T Wang, et al.. Photocatalytic removal of NO by Z-scheme mineral based heterojunction intermediated by carbon quantum dots. Applied Surface Science, 2018, 456: 835–844 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.06.133
23	K L Reddy, S Kumar, A Kumar, et al.. Wide spectrum photocatalytic activity in lanthanide-doped upconversion nanophosphors coated with porous TiO2 and Ag–Cu bimetallic nanoparticles. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2019, 367: 694–705 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.004 pmid: 30654287
24	W Wang, Y Li, Z Kang, et al.. A NIR-driven photocatalyst based on α-NaYF4:Yb,Tm@TiO2 core–shell structure supported on reduced graphene oxide. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2016, 182: 184–192 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.09.022
25	Z Wang, X Li, H Qian, et al.. Upconversion Tm3+:CeO2/palygorskite as direct Z-scheme heterostructure for photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2019, 372: 42–48 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.11.042
26	M Tou, Z Luo, S Bai, et al.. Sequential coating upconversion NaYF4:Yb,Tm nanocrystals with SiO2 and ZnO layers for NIR-driven photocatalytic and antibacterial applications. Materials Science and Engineering C, 2017, 70(Pt 2): 1141–1148 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2016.03.038 pmid: 27772715
27	X Li, S Ma, H Qian, et al.. Upconversion nanocomposite CeO2:Tm3+/attapulgite intermediated by carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic desulfurization. Powder Technology, 2019, 351: 38–45 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2019.04.004
28	Z Wang, X Li, H Qian, et al.. Upconversion Tm3+:CeO2/palygorskite as direct Z-scheme heterostructure for photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2019, 372: 42–48 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.11.042
29	X Li, C He, S Zuo, et al.. Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation over fluoride/attapulgite nanocomposite: Effect of upconversion and fluorine vacancy. Solar Energy, 2019, 191: 251–262 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2019.08.063
30	F Wu, X Li, H Zhang, et al.. Z-scheme photocatalyst constructed by natural attapulgite and upconversion rare earth materials for desulfurization. Frontiers in Chemistry, 2018, 6: 477 https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2018.00477 pmid: 30345272
31	S Ullah, E P Ferreira-Neto, C Hazra, et al.. Broad spectrum photocatalytic system based on BiVO4 and NaYbF4:Tm3+ upconversion particles for environmental remediation under UV-vis-NIR illumination. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2019, 243: 121–135 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2018.09.091
32	S K Hussain, T T H Giang, J S Yu. UV excitation band induced novel Na3Gd(VO4)2:RE3+ (RE3+ = Eu3+ or Dy3+ or Sm3+) double vanadate phosphors for solid-state lightning applications. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2018, 739: 218–226 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.12.200
33	N P Rajesh, G Subalakshmi, C K Jayasankar. Investigations on energy transfer and tunable luminescence spectra for single, co-doped and tri-doped RE3+ (RE3+ = Dy3+, Sm3+ and Eu3+) activated Sr1.99Bi0.01CeO4 phosphors. Optical Materials, 2018, 85: 464–473 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2018.08.042
34	X Li, X Wang, X Li, et al.. Luminescence studies of Sm3+ single-doped and Sm3+, Dy3+ co-doped NaGdTiO4 phosphors. Physica B: Condensed Matter, 2016, 481: 197–203 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2015.11.017
35	G Chen, R Lei, F Huang, et al.. Optical temperature sensing behavior of Er3+/Yb3+/Tm3+:Y2O3 nanoparticles based on thermally and non-thermally coupled levels. Optics Communications, 2018, 407: 57–62 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2017.09.014
36	F R O Silva, N B Lima, W K Yoshito, et al.. Development of novel upconversion luminescent nanoparticle of ytterbium/thulium-doped beta tricalcium phosphate. Journal of Luminescence, 2017, 187: 240–246 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2017.03.029
37	J H Oh, B K Moon, B C Choi, et al.. The green upconversion emission mechanism investigation of GdVO4:Yb3+, Er3+ via tuning of the sensitizer concentration. Solid State Sciences, 2015, 42: 1–5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2015.02.010
38	Y Zhang, S Xu, X Li, et al.. Concentration quenching of blue upconversion luminescence in Tm3+/Yb3+ co-doped Gd2(WO4)3 phosphors under 980 and 808 nm excitation. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2017, 709: 147–157 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.03.125
39	H Jia, S H Zheng, C Xu, et al.. Near-infrared light-induced photocurrent from a (NaYF4:Yb–Tm)/Cu2O composite thin film. Advanced Energy Materials, 2015, 5(2): 1401041 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201401041
40	C Zhu, W Zhou, J Fang, et al.. Improved upconversion efficiency and thermal stability of NaYF4@SiO2 photonic crystal film. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2018, 741: 337–347 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.01.121
41	Z Chen, M L Fu. Recyclable magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2/β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+/TiO2 composites with NIR enhanced photocatalytic activity. Materials Research Bulletin, 2018, 107: 194–203
42	W Qin, D Zhang, D Zhao, et al.. Near-infrared photocatalysis based on YF3:Yb3+,Tm3+/TiO2 core/shell nanoparticles. Chemical Communications, 2010, 46(13): 2304–2306 https://doi.org/10.1039/b924052g pmid: 20234940
43	H D A Santos, S M V Novais, C Jacinto. Optimizing the Nd:YF3 phosphor by impurities control in the synthesis procedure. Journal of Luminescence, 2018, 201: 156–162 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2018.04.051
44	X Li, F Li, X Lu, et al.. Black phosphorus quantum dots/attapulgite nanocomposite with enhanced photocatalytic performance. Functional Materials Letters, 2017, 10(06): 1750078 https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793604717500783
45	J Ding, Z Dai, F Qin, et al.. Z-scheme BiO1−xBr/Bi2O2CO3 photocatalyst with rich oxygen vacancy as electron mediator for highly efficient degradation of antibiotics. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2017, 205: 281–291 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.12.018
46	X Feng, H Chen, F Jiang, et al.. In-situ self-sacrificial fabrication of lanthanide hydroxycarbonates/graphitic carbon nitride heterojunctions: nitrogen photofixation under simulated solar light irradiation. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018, 347: 849–859 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.04.157
47	N Zhou, P Qiu, H Chen, et al.. KOH etching graphitic carbon nitride for simulated sunlight photocatalytic nitrogen fixation with cyano groups as defects. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2018, 83: 99–106 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2017.11.028
48	S Ma, X Li, X Lu, et al.. Carbon quantum dots/attapulgite nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic performance for desulfurization. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 2018, 29(4): 2709–2715 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-8197-3
49	X Li, Z Zhang, C Yao, et al.. Attapulgite–CeO2/MoS2 ternary nanocomposite for photocatalytic oxidative desulfurization. Applied Surface Science, 2016, 364: 589–596 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.12.196
50	E L Payrer, R M Almeida, C Jimenez, et al.. Growth of lanthanide-doped YF3 thin films by pulsed liquid injection MOCVD: Influence of deposition parameters on film microstructure. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2013, 230: 22–27 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.06.099
51	A A Ansari, R Yadav, S B Rai. Enhanced luminescence efficiency of aqueous dispersible NaYF4:Yb/Er nanoparticles and the effect of surface coating. RSC Advances, 2016, 6(26): 22074–22082 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA00265J
52	Y He, X Dai, S Ma, et al.. Hydrothermal preparation of carbon modified KNb3O8 nanosheets for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution. Ceramics International, 2020, 46(8): 11421–11426 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.01.070
53	C Xu, P Qiu, L Li, et al.. Bismuth subcarbonate with designer defects for broad-spectrum photocatalytic nitrogen fixation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10(30): 25321–25328 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b05925 pmid: 29969006
54	Z Zhao, S Hong, C Yan, et al.. Efficient visible-light driven N2 fixation over two-dimensional Sb/TiO2 composites. Chemical Communications, 2019, 55(50): 7171–7174 https://doi.org/10.1039/C9CC02291K pmid: 31162495
55	B Zhu, P Xia, Y Li, et al.. Fabrication and photocatalytic activity enhanced mechanism of direct Z-scheme g-C3N4/Ag2WO4 photocatalyst. Applied Surface Science, 2017, 391: 175–183 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.07.104

[1]	Xiangyu YAN, Da DAI, Kun MA, Shixiang ZUO, Wenjie LIU, Xiazhang LI, Chao YAO. Microwave hydrothermal synthesis of lanthanum oxyfluoride nanorods for photocatalytic nitrogen fixation: Effect of Pr doping[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2020, 14(1): 43-51.
[2]	Qin LI, Min XING, Lan CHANG, Linlin MA, Zhi CHEN, Jianrong QIU, Jianding YU, Jiang CHANG. Upconversion luminescence Ca--Mg--Si bioactive glasses synthesized using the containerless processing technique[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2019, 13(4): 399-409.
[3]	Kaushik DAS, G. A. KUMAR, Leonardo MIRANDOLA, Maurizio CHIRIVA-INTERNATI, Jharna CHAUDHURI. Synthesis and characterization of lanthanide-doped sodium holmium fluoride nanoparticles for potential application in photothermal therapy[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2019, 13(4): 389-398.
[4]	Timur Sh. ATABAEV, Anara MOLKENOVA. Upconversion optical nanomaterials applied for photocatalysis and photovoltaics: Recent advances and perspectives[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2019, 13(4): 335-341.
[5]	Chuan DENG, Xianxian WEI, Ruixiang LIU, Yajie DU, Lei PAN, Xiang ZHONG, Jianhua SONG. Synthesis of sillenite-type Bi₃₆Fe₂O₅₇ and elemental bismuth with visible-light photocatalytic activity for water treatment[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2018, 12(4): 415-425.
[6]	Palepu Teja RAVINDAR, Vidya Sagar CHOPPELLA, Anil Kumar MOKSHAGUNDAM, M. KIRUBA, Sunil G. BABU, Korupolu Raghu BABU, L. John BERCHMANS, Gosipathala SREEDHAR. Enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalysis of Bi₂YO₄Cl heterostructures functionallized by bimetallic RhNi nanoparticles[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2018, 12(4): 405-414.
[7]	Zhongchi WANG, Gongsheng SONG, Jianle XU, Qiang FU, Chunxu PAN. Electrospun titania fibers by incorporating graphene/Ag hybrids for the improved visible-light photocatalysis[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2018, 12(4): 379-391.
[8]	Ruirui LIU, Zhijiang JI, Jing WANG, Jinjun ZHANG. Mesocrystalline TiO₂/sepiolite composites for the effective degradation of methyl orange and methylene blue[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2018, 12(3): 292-303.
[9]	Madhulika SHARMA, Pranab Kishore MOHAPATRA, Dhirendra BAHADUR. Improved photocatalytic degradation of organic dye using Ag₃PO₄/MoS₂ nanocomposite[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2017, 11(4): 366-374.
[10]	Alberto ESTRELLA GONZÁLEZ, Maximiliano ASOMOZA, Ulises ARELLANO, Sandra CIPAGAUTA DíAZ, Silvia SOLÍS. Preparation and characterization of phosphate-modified mesoporous TiO₂ incorporated in a silica matrix and their photocatalytic properties in the photodegradation of Congo red[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2017, 11(3): 250-261.
[11]	Hao WANG, Yuhan WU, Pengcheng WU, Shanshan CHEN, Xuhong GUO, Guihua MENG, Banghua PENG, Jianning WU, Zhiyong LIU. Environmentally benign chitosan as reductant and supporter for synthesis of Ag/AgCl/chitosan composites by one-step and their photocatalytic degradation performance under visible-light irradiation[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2017, 11(2): 130-138.
[12]	Wei ZHAO,Zihao WANG,Lei ZHOU,Nianqi LIU,Hongxing WANG. Natural sunlight irradiated flower-like CuS synthesized from DMF solvothermal treatment[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2016, 10(3): 290-299.
[13]	Chao-Qing YANG,Ao-Ju LI,Wei GUO,Peng-Hua TIAN,Xiao-Long YU,Zhong-Xin LIU,Yang CAO,Zhong-Liang SUN. Paramagnetism and improved upconversion luminescence properties of NaYF₄:Yb,Er/NaGdF₄ nanocomposites synthesized by a boiling water seed-mediated route[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2016, 10(1): 38-44.
[14]	Wen-can ZHOU, Zheng-cao LI, Zheng-jun ZHANG, Ken ONDA, Sho OGIHARA, Yoichi OKIMOTO, Shin-ya KOSHIHARA, . Nanostructured TiO 2 photocatalyst and pump-probe spectroscopic study[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2009, 3(4): 403-408.

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed