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Frontiers of Materials Science

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ISSN 2095-0268(Online)

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Front. Mater. Sci.    2023, Vol. 17 Issue (2) : 230639    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-023-0639-7
RESEARCH ARTICLE
A diluent protective organic additive electrolyte of hydrophilic hyperbranched polyester for long-life reversible aqueous zinc manganese oxide batteries
Hengxin Xu1, Song Yang1, Yufeng Chen1, Junle Xiong2, Shengtao Zhang1, Fang Gao1(), Zhengyong Huang1,3(), Hongru Li1()
1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
2. Chongqing Kunding Environmental Protection Technology, Co. Ltd., Chongqing 400044, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipments and System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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Abstract

A hydrophilic hyperbranched polyester (poly (tetramethylol acetylenediurea (TA)-CO-succinyl chloride) (PTS)) was proposed to be used as an organic additive in aqueous ZnSO4 electrolyte to achieve a highly reversible zinc/manganese oxide battery. It is found that the zinc symmetric battery based on the 2.0 wt.% PTS/ZnSO4 electrolyte showed a long cycle stability of more than 2400 h at 1.0 mA·cm−2, which is much longer than that including the blank ZnSO4 electrolyte (140 h). Furthermore, the capacity retention of the Zn||MnO2 full cells employing the 2.0 wt.% PTS/ZnSO4 electrolyte remained 85% after 100 cycles at 0.2 A·g−1, which is much higher than 20% capacity retention of the cell containing the blank ZnSO4 electrolyte, and also greater than 59.6% capacity retention of the cell including the 10.0 wt.% TA/ZnSO4 electrolyte. By using 2.0 wt.% PTS/ZnSO4 electrolytes, the capacity retention of the Zn||MnO2 full cells even reached 65% after 2000 cycles at a higher current density of 1.0 A·g−1. It is further demonstrated that the PTS was firmly adsorbed on the zinc anode surface to form a protective layer.
Keywords aqueous zinc-ion battery      hydrophilic branched polyester      Zn anode protection      Zn dendrite      adsorption     
Corresponding Author(s): Fang Gao,Zhengyong Huang,Hongru Li   
About author:

Changjian Wang and Zhiying Yang contributed equally to this work.
Issue Date: 07 March 2023
 Cite this article:   
Hengxin Xu,Song Yang,Yufeng Chen, et al. A diluent protective organic additive electrolyte of hydrophilic hyperbranched polyester for long-life reversible aqueous zinc manganese oxide batteries[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2023, 17(2): 230639.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/10.1007/s11706-023-0639-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/Y2023/V17/I2/230639
  Scheme1 Molecular structure and preparation route of the target PTS.
Fig.1  Electrochemical performance of Zn||MnO2 full cells in different electrolytes at 0.2 A·g?1: (a) ZnSO4; (b) 1.0 wt.% PTS/ZnSO4; (c) 2.0 wt.% PTS/ZnSO4; (d) 3.0 wt.% PTS/ZnSO4; (e) 5.0 wt.% TA/ZnSO4; (f) 10.0 wt.% TA/ZnSO4; (g) 15.0 wt.% TA/ZnSO4. (h) Cycling performance of the Zn||MnO2 full cell at 1.0 A·g?1. (i) Digital photo of two Zn||MnO2 pouch cells with the PTS/ZnSO4 electrolyte powering the LED light.
Fig.2  (a) The Nyquist plots and (b) the CV curves of Zn||MnO2 full cells by using the PTS/ZnSO4 electrolyte and the ZnSO4 electrolyte.
Fig.3  Electrochemical performance of symmetric Zn||Zn cells in different electrolytes: voltage profiles under (a) 1.0 mA·cm?2 with a capacity of 1 mA·h·cm?2, (b) 5.0 mA·cm?2 with a capacity of 2.0 mA·h·cm?2, (c) 10.0 mA·cm?2 with a capacity of 1.0 mA·h·cm?2, and (d) different current densities with a capacity of 1.0 mA·h·cm?2.
Fig.4  SEM images of the Zn anode after 50 cycles in symmetric Zn||Zn cells based on different electrolytes: (a) PTS/ZnSO4; (b) ZnSO4. (c) The cycling performance comparison of symmetric Zn||Zn cells using the PTS/ZnSO4 electrolyte in this work with recent reports in references.
Fig.5  SEM images: (a) the polished bare Zn; the Zn foils immersed for a week in different electrolytes of (b) PTS/ZnSO4 and (c) ZnSO4. Insets: digital photos.
Fig.6  (a) XRD patterns of the zinc plate immersed in ZnSO4 and PTS/ZnSO4 electrolytes for 7 d. XPS spectra of the Zn anode after 20 cycles in symmetric Zn||Zn cells with the additive PTS: (b) the whole survey; (c) Zn 2p; (d) C 1s; (e) N 1s. (f) ATR-IR spectra of the pristine Zn and Zn anode after 20 cycles in symmetric Zn||Zn cells with the PTS/ZnSO4 electrolyte.
Fig.7  (a) Mapping images of the X-ray EDS of the zinc electrode surface after the recycles of cells. (b) Tafel plots of the Zn electrode tested in ZnSO4 and PTS/ZnSO4 electrolytes at a scan rate of 10 mV·s?1.
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