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Prot Cell    2010, Vol. 1 Issue (10) : 916-926    https://doi.org/10.1007/s13238-010-0116-9      PMID: 21204018
REVIEW
microRNAs: tiny RNA molecules, huge driving forces to move the cell
Shenglin Huang, Xianghuo He()
State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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Abstract

Cell migration or movement is a highly dynamic cellular process, requiring precise regulation that is essential for a variety of biological processes. microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of tiny non-coding RNA molecules that function as critical post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Emerging evidence demonstrates that miRNAs play important roles in cell migration and directly contribute to extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, cell adhesion, and cell signalling that controls cell migration by targeting a large number of protein-coding genes. Accordingly, the dysregulation of these miRNAs has been linked to several migration-related diseases. In this review, we summarize and highlight the recent advances concerning the roles and validated targets of miRNAs in the control of cell movement.
Keywords microRNA      cell migration      metastasis     
Corresponding Author(s): He Xianghuo,Email:xhhe@shsci.org   
Issue Date: 01 October 2010
 Cite this article:   
Shenglin Huang,Xianghuo He. microRNAs: tiny RNA molecules, huge driving forces to move the cell[J]. Prot Cell, 2010, 1(10): 916-926.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/pac/EN/10.1007/s13238-010-0116-9
https://academic.hep.com.cn/pac/EN/Y2010/V1/I10/916
Fig.1  miRNAs and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling.
miRNAs are identified as upstream regulators of ECM-related genes. FNDC3A: fibronectin type-III domain containing 3A; FNDC3B: fibronectin type III domain containing 3B; MMP: matrix metalloproteinases; TIMP: tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases; VLDLR: very low density lipoprotein receptor; ApoER2: apolipoprotein E receptor 2.
Fig.1  miRNAs and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling.
miRNAs are identified as upstream regulators of ECM-related genes. FNDC3A: fibronectin type-III domain containing 3A; FNDC3B: fibronectin type III domain containing 3B; MMP: matrix metalloproteinases; TIMP: tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases; VLDLR: very low density lipoprotein receptor; ApoER2: apolipoprotein E receptor 2.
Fig.2  miRNAs and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met signaling.
HGF interacts with the proto-oncogenic c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase and regulates cell growth, cell motility, and morphogenesis. The c-Met mRNA level has been shown to be directly regulated by miR-1, miR-206, miR-34a, miR-23b, and miR-199a-3p. PAK, p21-activated kinase; uPA: urokinase-type plasminogen activator; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; FAK: focal adhesion kinase.
Fig.2  miRNAs and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met signaling.
HGF interacts with the proto-oncogenic c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase and regulates cell growth, cell motility, and morphogenesis. The c-Met mRNA level has been shown to be directly regulated by miR-1, miR-206, miR-34a, miR-23b, and miR-199a-3p. PAK, p21-activated kinase; uPA: urokinase-type plasminogen activator; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; FAK: focal adhesion kinase.
Fig.3  miRNAs and EGFR signaling.
The epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) belong to the ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinases. HER2 (ErbB2) is a unique member of the ErbB family because it does not bind any of the known ligands with high affinity, but it is the preferred heterodimeric partner for other EGFRs. These receptors couple the binding of extracellular growth factor ligands to intracellular signaling pathways and regulate diverse responses, including proliferation, differentiation, and cell motility. MiRNAs have been shown to directly regulate the expression of these receptors. PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin.
Fig.3  miRNAs and EGFR signaling.
The epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) belong to the ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinases. HER2 (ErbB2) is a unique member of the ErbB family because it does not bind any of the known ligands with high affinity, but it is the preferred heterodimeric partner for other EGFRs. These receptors couple the binding of extracellular growth factor ligands to intracellular signaling pathways and regulate diverse responses, including proliferation, differentiation, and cell motility. MiRNAs have been shown to directly regulate the expression of these receptors. PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin.
Fig.4  MiRNAs and Rho GTPases.
The Rho GTPases signaling cascade plays a central role in regulating cell adhesion, migration, and the cytoskeleton. MiRNAs can affect cell migration by regulating the expression of the Rho GTPases members as well as their effectors and regulators. GEFs: guanine nucleotide exchange factors; RhoGDIA: Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor; ROCK: Rho-associated kinases; PAK: p21-activated kinases; HOXD10: homeobox D10.
Fig.4  MiRNAs and Rho GTPases.
The Rho GTPases signaling cascade plays a central role in regulating cell adhesion, migration, and the cytoskeleton. MiRNAs can affect cell migration by regulating the expression of the Rho GTPases members as well as their effectors and regulators. GEFs: guanine nucleotide exchange factors; RhoGDIA: Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor; ROCK: Rho-associated kinases; PAK: p21-activated kinases; HOXD10: homeobox D10.
miRNAregulationtargetsmigrationfunctionreferences
Let-7--COL1A2--inhibits HCC cell migrationJi et al., 2010
miR-1/206--c-Met--inhibits rhabdomyosarcoma developmentYan et al., 2009
miR-10btwistHOXD10, Tiam1, Rac1, KLF4+promotes cell migration and invasiveness in breast cancer, glioma, and squamous cell carcinoma cellsMa et al., 2007; Tian et al., 2010
miR-101--FOS--Inhibits HCC cell invasionLi et al., 2009b
miR-122--ADAM10, ADAM17--inhibits HCC cell migration and metastasisBai et al., 2009; Tsai et al., 2009
miR-125EGFR regulatedErbB2/3--inhibits cell migration and invasion in breast cancer and lung cancer cellsScott et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2009
miR-126--Crk--inhibits lung cancer cell migration and invasionCrawford et al., 2008
miR-128--Reelin, DCX--inhibits neuroblastoma cell motility and invasivenessEvangelisti et al., 2009
miR-138--RhoC, ROCK2--inhibits tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell migration and invasionJiang et al., 2010
miR-143NF-κB, myocardinVersican, FNDC3B--inhibits smooth muscle cells migrationWang et al., 2010b; Zhang et al., 2009
miR-146BRMS1EGFR, MMP16, ROCK1--inhibits cell migration and invasion in breast cancer and glioma cellsLin et al., 2008; Xia et al., 2009
miR-150--C-myb+promotes endothelial cell migrationZhang et al., 2010
miR-151amplificationRhoGDIA+promotes HCC cell migration and metastasisDing et al., 2010
miR-17/20c-mycIL-8, CXCL1, CK8, fibronectin, FNDC3A--inhibits breast cancer cell migration and metastasisShan et al., 2009; Yu et al., 2010
miR-181bTGF-βTIMP3+promotes HCC cell migration and invasionWang et al., 2010a
miR-182amplificationFOXO3, Mitf-M+promotes melanoma cell migration and metastasisSegura et al., 2009
miR-183Integrin 1, kinesin 2, ezrin--inhibits cell migration and invasion in HeLa and lung cancer cellsWang et al., 2008b; Li et al., 2010
miR-196BMP4, Pax7--inhibits tail regeneration of salamandersSehm et al., 2009
miR-199a-3pmTOR, c-Met--inhibits HCC cell invasionFornari et al., 2010
miR-200ZEB1, ZEB2--counteracts epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and reduces cell migration/invasionKorpal et al., 2008
miR-205LRP1--inhibits cell migration and invasionSong and Bu, 2009
miR-21TIMP3, RECK, PTEN+promotes cell migration and invasion in breast cancer, glima, and HCC cellsMeng et al., 2007; Gabriely et al., 2008
miR-210HIF-1Ephrin-A3+promotes endothelial cell migration in response to hypoxiaFasanaro et al., 2008
miR-221c-junPTEN, TIMP3, DDIT4, c-kit±promotes migration and metastasis in NSCLC and HCC cells. Inhibits vascular smooth muscle cells migrationGarofalo et al., 2009; Li et al., 2009c; Pineau et al., 2010; Poliseno et al., 2006
miR-23b--uPA, c-Met--inhibits HCC cell migration and invasionSalvi et al., 2009
miR-27b--Pax3--regulates myogenic differentiation and inhibits muscle stem cell migrationCrist et al., 2009
miR-29c--Collagens, laminin 1,--inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinomas cell migration and metastasisSengupta et al., 2008
miR-30d--Gnail2+promotes HCC cell migration and metastasisYao et al., 2010
miR-31--MMP16, RhoA--inhibits cell migration and metastasis in breast cancer cellsValastyan et al., 2009
miR-328--CD44+regulates zonation morphogenesisWang et al., 2008a
miR-335--SOX4, tenascin C--inhibits breast cancer cell migration and metastasisTavazoie et al., 2008
miR-34a--c-Met--inhibits HCC cell migration and invasionLi et al., 2009a
miR-373/520--CD44+promotes breast cancer cell migration and metastasisHuang et al., 2008
miR-661c/EBPAMTA1--inhibits breast cancer cell migration and invasionReddy et al., 2009
miR-7HoxD10PAK1--inhibits breast cancer cell migration and invasionReddy et al., 2008
miR-9MYC/MYCNE-cadherin, stathmin±promotes breast cancer cell migration and metastasis. Inhibits human neural progenitor cells migrationDelaloy et al., 2010; Ma et al., 2010
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