Process stability and microbial community composition in pig manure and food waste anaerobic co-digesters operated at low HRTs

doi:10.1007/s11783-017-0923-9

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2017, Vol. 11

Issue (3) : 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-017-0923-9

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Process stability and microbial community composition in pig manure and food waste anaerobic co-digesters operated at low HRTs

Conor Dennehy¹, Peadar G. Lawlor², Gillian E. Gardiner³, Yan Jiang¹, Paul Cormican⁴, Matthew S. McCabe⁴, Xinmin Zhan¹(

)

¹. Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
². Teagasc Pig Development Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
³. Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
⁴. Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Dunsany, Meath, Ireland

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Abstract

Reducing HRT to 10.5 days caused shifts in acidogenic population & VFA accumulation.

VFA-oxidizing bacteria were key in process stability when HRT was 10.5 days.

Reducing HRT to 10.5 days reduced substrate utilization.

Pathogen removal was not achieved when HRT was<21 days.

This study assessed the effects of reducing hydraulic retention times (HRTs) from 21 days to 10.5 days when anaerobically co-digesting pig manure and food waste. Continuously stirred tank reactors of 3.75 L working volume were operated in triplicate at 42°C. Digester HRT was progressively decreased from 21 to 15 days to 10.5 days, with an associated increase in organic loading rate (OLR) from 3.1 kg volatile solids (VS)·m⁻³·day⁻¹ to 5.1 kg VS·m⁻³·day⁻¹ to 7.25 kg VS·m⁻³·day⁻¹. Reducing HRT from 21 days to 15 days caused a decrease in specific methane yields and VS removal rates. Operation at a HRT of 10.5 days initially resulted in the accumulation of isobutyric acid in each reactor. High throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that this increase coincided with a shift in acidogenic bacterial populations, which most likely resulted in the increased isobutyric acid concentrations. This may in turn have caused the increase in relative abundance of Clocamonaceae bacteria, which syntrophically degrade non-acetate volatile fatty acids (VFAs) into H₂ and CO₂. This, along with the increase in abundance of other syntrophic VFA oxidizers, such as Spiorchatetes, suggests that VFA oxidation plays a role in digester operation at low HRTs. Reducing the HRT to below 21 days compromised the ability of the anaerobic digestion system to reduce enteric indicator organism counts below regulatory limits.

Keywords Biogas Sequencing Clocamonaceae Spiorchatetes Isobutyrate Biosafety

Corresponding Author(s): Xinmin Zhan

Issue Date: 07 April 2017

Cite this article:

Conor Dennehy,Peadar G. Lawlor,Gillian E. Gardiner, et al. Process stability and microbial community composition in pig manure and food waste anaerobic co-digesters operated at low HRTs[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2017, 11(3): 4.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-017-0923-9
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2017/V11/I3/4

Tab.1 Characteristics of pig manure, food waste and inoculum used in this experiment

Fig.1 Average specific methane yield (SMY), volumetric methane yield (VMY) (a), VFA concentrations (b), and post methane production potential (PMP) and % VS removed (c), measured throughout the experiment as HRT was reduced. Values are the mean of three replicates with error bars representing standard deviations

Fig.2 Average NH₄-Nand NH₃ (a), pH and alkalinity (b) in each reactor as HRT was decreased. Values are the mean of three replicates with error bars representing standard deviations

Fig.3 Principal component analysis (PCoA) plot of samples taken from the reactors throughout the experiment

Fig.4 Microbial relative abundance within each reactor at each sampling point at phylum, family and genus level. Genera and families with relative abundance<1% at any point during the experiment were grouped in the “Other” category

Fig.5 Relative abundance of Archaea within each reactor at each sampling point at genus level

Fig.6 E. coli and Enterococcus counts in digestate throughout the experiment, as well as in the feed on days 28 and 82. Values are the mean of three replicates with error bars representing standard deviations. Bars representing the count for the same bacteria and for the same sample type sharing a common letter are not significantly different (P>0.05), as measured by the Bonferroni method. *represents the EU animal by-products regulation limit of<1000 CFU·mL^-¹ for E. coli or Enterococcus in digestate prior to land application. LOD represents limit of detection

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