Recent advances in special morphologic photocatalysts for NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> removal

doi:10.1007/s11783-022-1573-0

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (11) : 137 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-022-1573-0

REVIEW ARTICLE

Recent advances in special morphologic photocatalysts for NO_x removal

Yang Yang^1,², Xiuzhen Zheng^2,³, Wei Ren², Jiafang Liu², Xianliang Fu²(

), Sugang Meng², Shifu Chen², Chun Cai¹(

)

¹. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
². Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
³. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China

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Abstract

● Systematic information of recent progress in photocatalytic NO_x removal is provided.

● The photocatalysts with special morphologies are reviewed and discussed.

● The morphology and photocatalytic NO_x removal performance is related.

The significant increase of NO_x concentration causes severe damages to environment and human health. Light-driven photocatalytic technique affords an ideal solution for the removal of NO_x at ambient conditions. To enhance the performance of NO_x removal, 1D, 2D and 3D photocatalysts have been constructed as the light absorption and the separation of charge carriers can be manipulated through controlling the morphology of the photocatalyst. Related works mainly focused on the construction and modification of special morphologic photocatalyst, including element doping, heterostructure constructing, crystal facet exposing, defect sites introducing and so on. Moreover, the excellent performance of the photocatalytic NO_x removal creates great awareness of the application, which has promising practical applications in NO_x removal by paint (removing NO_x indoor and outdoor) and pavement (degrading vehicle exhausts). For these considerations, recent advances in special morphologic photocatalysts for NO_x removal was summarized and commented in this review. The purpose is to provide insights into understanding the relationship between morphology and photocatalytic performance, meanwhile, to promote the application of photocatalytic technology in NO_x degradation.

Keywords NO_x removal Photocatalyst Graphene C₃N₄ Bi-based compounds.

Corresponding Author(s): Xianliang Fu,Chun Cai

Issue Date: 29 April 2022

Cite this article:

Yang Yang,Xiuzhen Zheng,Wei Ren, et al. Recent advances in special morphologic photocatalysts for NO_x removal[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(11): 137.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-022-1573-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2022/V16/I11/137

Fig.1 1D TiO₂ material on photocatalytic NO degradation: nanorod (a, (Habran et al., 2018)), nanotube (b, (Martin et al., 2017), c, (Li et al., 2015)), nanoparticles on C nanotubes (d, (Xiao et al., 2019)) and coral (e, (Ou et al., 2021)). The figures are copyrighted from Taylor & Francis Publishing Group (a), Elsevier Publishing Group (b), Royal Society of Chemistry Publishing Group (c) and American Chemical Society Publishing Group (d, e).

Fig.2 1D non-TiO₂ metal oxide materials on photocatalytic NO degradation: ZnO nanorod (a, (Wang et al., 2019a)), Bi₂O₃ microrods (b, (Hoang et al., 2020)), mulberry-like Bi₂O₃ (c, (Huang et al., 2021)), ZnWO₄ nanorod (d, (Chang et al., 2019)) and Bi₂O₂CO₃/MoS₂ on carbon nanofibers (e, (Hu et al., 2017)). The figures are copyrighted from Elsevier Publishing Group (a, b and e), Wiley Publishing Group (c) and American Chemical Society Publishing Group (d).

Fig.3 2D GO-based materials loaded with different shapes on photocatalytic NO degradation: nanoparticles (a, (Feng et al., 2020)), cubes (b, (Hu et al., 2018)) and rhombic dodecahedron (c, (Xiao et al., 2018)). The figures are copyrighted from Royal Society of Chemistry Publishing Group (a) and Elsevier Publishing Group (b, c).

Fig.4 2D C₃N₄ (a, (Han et al., 2019)) and its loaded materials with different shapes on photocatalytic NO degradation: nanoparticles (b, (Li et al., 2020a)), plates (c, (Wang et al., 2016)), hexagonal nanoplates (d, (Geng et al., 2021b)), hollow cubes (e, (Wang et al., 2021a)), octahedra (f, (Ren et al., 2021)), nanospheres (g, (Dong et al., 2015)) and spheres (h, (Wang et al., 2021b)). The figures are copyrighted from Elsevier Publishing Group (a, b, c, d, e, f and h) and American Chemical Society Publishing Group (g).

Fig.5 2D Bi-based materials with plate shapes on photocatalytic NO degradation: BiOCl (a, (Xie et al., 2020), b, (Li et al., 2019a)), Bi₂₄O₃₁Br₁₀/Bi₃O₄Br (c, (Li et al., 2020b) ) and Bi/Bi₂O₂SiO₃ (d, (Li et al., 2019d)). The figures are all copyrighted from Elsevier Publishing Group.

Fig.6 3D metal oxides with different shapes on photocatalytic NO degradation, such as microspheres (a, (Hojamberdiev et al., 2018), b, (Chen et al., 2018), c, (Sofianou et al., 2012) and d, (Rao et al., 2020)), flower (e, (Kowsari and Bazri, 2014)), nanorod bundle (f, (Zhang et al., 2014)), twin-brush (g, (Wu et al., 2021)) and hexagon (h, (Kowsari and Abdpour, 2017)), and C₃N₄ materials with flower structure (i, (Duan et al., 2019)). The figures are copyrighted from Springer Publishing Group (a, c) Elsevier Publishing Group (b, e, f, g, h and i) and Wiley Publishing Group (d).

Fig.7 3D Bi-based materials with different morphologies on photocatalytic NO degradation: flower (a, (Rao et al., 2019b), b, (Yuan et al., 2020)), hierarchical structure (c, (Lu et al., 2019a), d, (Li et al., 2010)), sphere (e, (Zha et al., 2021)), boat (f, (Ai and Lee, 2013)), eight-pot shape (g, (Ou et al., 2015)) and decagon shape (h, (Ou et al., 2018)). The figures are copyrighted from American Chemical Society Publishing Group (a, d), Elsevier Publishing Group (b, e, f and h), Springer Publishing Group (c) and Royal Society of Chemistry Publishing Group (g).

Tab.1 Summary of 1D photocatalysts for the NO_x removal

Photocatalyst	Light source	Pollutants (initial concentration, ×10⁻³ mg/L )	Products	Removalefficiency	Ref.
MgAl–CO₃ layered double hydroxides	UV–Vis light	NO (0.67)	NO₃⁻	60%	Nehdi et al., 2022
Nb₂O₅/Nb₂C MXene	Simulated sunlight	NO (0.67)	HNO₃	80%	Wang et al., 2021d
N, Bi/graphene nanosheets	UV	NO (0.67)	NO₃⁻	49.5%	Feng et al., 2020
g-C₃N₄/GO-InVO₄ layers	Visible light	NO (0.80)	NO₃⁻	65%	Hu et al., 2018
ZnCo₂O₄/rGO nanosheets	Visible light	NO (0.67)	NO₃⁻	83.8%	Xiao et al., 2018
B/C₃N₄ nanosheets	Visible light	NO (0.80)	NO₃⁻	54%	Xia et al., 2022
FAPbBr₃/g-C₃N₄ nanosheets	Visible light	NO (0.80)	NO₃⁻	58%	Xie et al., 2022
C₃N₄ lamellar structure	Visible light	NO (2.68)	HNO₂/HNO₃	33%	Gu et al., 2020
C₃N₄ network structure	Visible light	NO (0.24)	NO₃⁻	57.1%	Duan et al., 2021
C₃N₄ nanosheets	Visible light	NO (20.1)	NO₂, NO₂⁻, and NO₃⁻	66.7%	Han et al., 2019
Pd/g-C₃N₄ nanosheets	Visible light	NO (0.67)	NO₃⁻	44.9%	Li et al., 2020a
Bi₂O₂CO₃/g-C₃N₄ layers	Visible light	NO (0.54)	NO₃⁻	34.8%	Wang et al., 2016
Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₄ nanosheets	Visible light	NO (0.80)	NO₃⁻	60.8%	Geng et al., 2021b
NiCoO_x/g-C₃N₄ nanosheets	Visible light	NO (0.80)	NO₃⁻	59.1%	Wang et al., 2021a
Sb₂WO₆/g-C₃N₄ nanoflakes	Visible light	NO (0.80)	NO₂⁻, NO₃⁻	68%	Ren et al., 2021
Bi/g-C₃N₄ nanosheets	Visible light	NO (0.80)	HNO₂, HNO₃	59.7%	Dong et al., 2015
W₁₈O₄₉/g-C₃N_4−x nanosheets	Simulated sunlight	NO (0.80)	⁻	83.55%	Wang et al., 2021b
BiOCl nanosheets	Simulated sunlight	NO (0.54)	⁻	23.7%	Xie et al., 2020
BiOCl nanosheets	Uv360	NO (0.67)	NO₂⁻, NO₃⁻	41%	Li et al., 2019a
Ba/BiOBr nanosheets	Visible light	NO (0.67)	NO₃⁻	53%	Geng et al., 2021a
(Ti, C)-BiOBr/Ti₃C₂T_x MXene layers	Simulated sunlight	NO (1.34)	HNO₂, NO₃⁻	61%	Hermawan et al., 2021
BiOI/BN nanosheets	Visible light	NO (0.67x10⁻⁹)	NO₂	44.2%	Zheng et al., 2021
Bi₄O₅Br₂ and Bi₁₂O₁₇Br₂ nanosheets	Visible light	NO (0.80)	NO₃⁻	41.8%	Zhang et al., 2017
Ag/AgCl/Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ nanosheets	Visible light	NO	NO₂	25%	Zhu et al., 2021
BiOCl/ Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ nanoplates	Visible light	NO	NO₃⁻	37.2%	Zhang et al., 2018a
MoS₂/BiOCl/Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ nanosheets	Visible light	NO (0.67)	NO₃⁻	51.1%	Zhang et al., 2019b
g-C₃N₄/BiOCl/Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ nanosheets	Visible light	NO (0.67)	NO₃⁻	46.8%	Zhang and Liang, 2019
Ag/AgCl/BiOCl/Bi₁₂O₁₇Cl₂ nanosheets	Visible light	NO (0.67)	NO₃⁻	49.5%	Zhang et al., 2018b
Bi₃O₄Br/Bi₂₄O₃₁Br₁₀ ribbon	Visible light	NO (0.54)	−	32.5%	Li et al., 2020b
Bi/Bi₂O_2−xCO₃ nanosheets	Visible light	NO (67)	NO₃⁻	50.5%	Lu et al., 2019b
graphene/N-(BiO)₂CO₃ nanosheets	Visible light	NO (0.74)	NO₃⁻	53%	Liu et al., 2020a
CdSe/N-(BiO)₂CO₃ nanosheets	Visible light	NO (0.74)	NO₃⁻	35%	Liu et al., 2019
ZnFe₂O₄/Bi₂O₂CO₃ nanoplates	Visible light	NO (0.54)	NO₃⁻	35%	Huang et al., 2018
Cl/BiWO₄ nanosheets	Visible light	NO (0.80)	NO₃⁻	64%	Yang et al., 2021b
Black P/BiWO₄ nanosheets	Visible light	NO (0.80)	NO₃⁻	67%	Hu et al., 2019
Bi/Bi₂MoO₆ nanoplates	Visible light	NO (0.80)	NO₃⁻	41.4%	Ding et al., 2016
Br/Bi₂MoO₆ microplates	Visible light	NO (0.83)	NO₃⁻	62.9%	Wang et al., 2020
Bi/Bi₂GeO₅ nanosheets	Visible light	NO (0.60)	NO₂⁻, NO₃⁻	56.2%	Li et al., 2019c
Bi@Bi₂O₂SiO₃ nanosheets	Visible light	NO (0.60)	NO₂⁻, NO₃⁻	50.2%	Li et al., 2019d
I/BiOCOOH nanoplates	Visible light	NO (0.74)	−	49.7%	Feng et al., 2018

Tab.2 Summary of 2D photocatalysts for the NO_x removal

Photocatalyst	Light source	Pollutants (initial concentration, ×10⁻³ mg/L)	Products	Removal efficiency	Ref.
MoS₂/Bi₂O₃ microspheres	Visible light	NO (0.58)	NO₂, NO₂⁻ or NO₃⁻	41.4%	Hojamberdiev et al., 2018
Pd/PdO/Bi₂O₃ microspheres	Visible light	NO (0.58)	NO₂⁻, NO₃⁻	47.6%	Rao et al., 2020
ZnO microspheres	UV365	NO (0.54)	NO₃⁻	77.3%	Chen et al., 2018
TiO₂ nanospheres	UV	NO (1.34)	NO₂, NO₃⁻	7%	Sofianou et al., 2012
ZnSn(OH)₆ cubes	Solar light	NO (0.67)	NO₂, NO₃⁻	74.5%	Pham et al., 2021b
Mg/ZnO rosette	UV	SO₂, NO_x, and CO (1.34)	HNO₂/HNO₃	23%	Kowsari and Bazri, 2014
Au/TiO₂ nanorod bundles	Visible light	NO (0.54)	NO₂, NO₃⁻	31%	Zhang et al., 2014
Ag/ZnO twin-brush	Simulated sunlight	NO (0.67)	NO₃⁻	71%	Wu et al., 2021
CNT/TiO₂ decahedron	UV365	NO (0.67)	NO₂, NO₃⁻	76.8%	Xiao et al., 2016
ZnO hexagon	UV	NO (2.68)	HNO₂/HNO₃	56%	Kowsari and Abdpour, 2017
C₃N₄ flower	Visible light	NO (0.80)	−	59.7%	Duan et al., 2019
BiOCl/g-C₃N₄ spheres	Visible light	NO (0.80)	NO₃⁻	56.1%	Wang et al., 2022
Bi/C₃N₄ pomegranate	Visible light	NO (0.80)	−	70.4%	Li et al., 2017
g-C₃N₄@SiO₂ microsphere	Visible light	NO (0.80)	NO₂⁻, NO₃⁻	29.6%	Lin et al., 2017
C₃N₄/TiO₂ foam	Visible light	NO (0.74)	NO₂, NO₃⁻	65%	Xiong et al., 2021
Mn₃O₄/BiOCl microflowers	Simulated solar light	NO (0.13)	HNO₂, NO₃⁻	75%	Shen et al., 2021
BiOBr microspheres	UV-visible light	NO (1.34)	NO₃⁻	95%	Montoya-Zamora et al., 2020
Zn/BiOI microspheres	Visible light	NO (0.58)	NO₃⁻	53.6%	Rao et al., 2019
Bi₄O₅Br₂-GO clusters	Visible light	NO (0.74)	NO₃⁻	53%	Chang et al., 2021
BiOBr/Bi₁₂O₁₇Br₂ flowers	Simulated solar light	NO (0.54)	−	57.3%	Li et al., 2019b
Au, La/Bi₅O₇I microspheres	Visible light	NO (0.54)	NO₂⁻, NO₃⁻	54.5%	Zhang et al., 2019a
La/Bi₂O₂CO₃ microspheres	Visible light	NO (0.67)	NO₂⁻/NO₃⁻	49.8%	Yuan et al., 2020
(BiO)₂CO₃/BiO_2−x/graphene microspheres	Simulated solar light	NO (0.58)	NO₃⁻	61%	Jia et al., 2019
I/Bi₂WO₆ microflowers	Simulated solar light	NO (0.58)	NO₃⁻	50%	Lu et al., 2019a
Bi₂WO₆ rosette	Visible light	NO (670)	NO₃⁻	54%	Wang et al., 2019b
Bi₂WO₆ microsphere	Visible light	NO (0.54)	NO₃⁻	52%	Li et al., 2010
Bi₂WO₆/NH₂-UiO-66 octahedral cubes	Visible light	NO (0.67)	NO₃⁻/NO₂⁻	79%	Liu et al., 2020b
BiVO₄/Bi₂S₃ spheres	Visible light	NO (402)	NO₃⁻	37.7%	Zha et al., 2021
BiVO₄ boats	Visible light	NO (0.54)	HNO₂, HNO₃	35.4%	Ai and Lee, 2013
BiVO₄ flowers	Visible light	NO (536)	NO₃⁻	48.5%	Ou et al., 2015
g-C₃N₄@Ag/BiVO₄ decagon	Visible light	NO (536)	NO₃⁻	83%	Ou et al., 2018
CO₃-Bi₂MoO₆ micro/nanospheres	Visible light	NO (0.74)	NO₃⁻	34%	Huo et al., 2019
Bi₂Sn₂O_7−x hollow nanocubes	Visible light	NO (0.54)	NO₂⁻, NO₃⁻	32%	Lu et al., 2021
Bi/BiPO₄ nanospheres	Visible light	NO (0.54)	NO₃⁻	32.8%	Chen et al., 2020

Tab.3 Summary of 3D photocatalysts for the NO_x removal

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