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Application of wastewater-based epidemiological monitoring of COVID-19 for disease surveillance in the city |
Heng Chen1,2, Zhenhua Chen1,2, Liwen Hu2, Fengzhu Tang2, Dan Kuang2, Jiayi Han3,4, Yao Wang2, Xiao Zhang3,4, Yue Cheng1,2, Jiantong Meng1,2( ), Rong Lu1,2(), Lan Zhang3,4() |
1. Chengdu Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610047, China
2. Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610047, China
3. National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
4. National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China |
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Abstract ● A continuous wastewater-based monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 was conducted. ● Positive correlation between RNA concentrations and reported cases was observed. ● Similar genetic diversity patterns in wastewater and patient source were observed. ● Wastewater-based surveillance aided the early warning of the COVID-19 pandemic. ● Wastewater-based surveillance in the post-pandemic era was evaluated. Wastewater-based surveillance serves as a supplementary approach to clinical surveillance of COVID-19 during the epidemic. This study aimed to track the prevalence of the disease and the viral genetic variability through wastewater-based surveillance in the post-epidemic era. Between January to December 2023, samples were collected from the influent lines of two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), concentrated using PEG8000, and subjected to detection of the target genes ORF 1ab and N of SARS-CoV-2 via reverse transcriptional quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). For next-generation sequencing (NGS), high-quality samples from both wastewater and clinical patients were selected. Weekly analysis were performed using R software to evaluate the correlation between the SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentrations in wastewater and positive rate of reported cases, indicating a positive correlation. Genetic diversity patterns of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater resembled those in the patient source based on Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) with three clusters for different stages. The rise of RNA concentration in wastewater indicates the growth of cases and the emergence of new variants, serving as an early warning of potential viral mutations, disease outbreaks even possible epidemics. Furthermore, the genomic surveillance of wastewater could help identify new variants that may not be captured through population monitoring, especially when sample sizes are insufficient. Consequently, surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in municipal wastewater has emerged as a reliable, early-warning monitoring system for COVID-19 in the post-epidemic era.
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| Keywords
Wastewater-based epidemiology
Monitoring
COVID-19
Post-epidemic era
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Corresponding Author(s):
Jiantong Meng,Rong Lu,Lan Zhang
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Issue Date: 29 May 2024
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