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Frontiers of Optoelectronics

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Front Optoelec    2013, Vol. 6 Issue (1) : 67-77    https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-012-0297-3
REVIEW ARTICLE
Review on SOA-MZI-based photonic add/drop and switching operations
Claudio PORZI1, Giovanni SERAFINO1, Sergio PINNA1, An NGUYEN2, Giampiero CONTESTABILE1, Antonella BOGONI3()
1. The TeCIP Institute of Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna di Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; 2. Centre d'optique, photonique et laser, 2375 rue de la Terrasse, local 2104, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada; 3. CNIT, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Abstract

Semiconductor optical amplifier-Mach-Zehnder interferometer (SOA-MZI) is a technologically mature optical device that can be exploited for a wide range of operations on both amplitude and phase modulated signals, with performance limited by the carrier lifetime in the SOAs. Recent advances on SOA structures have demonstrated their suitability for high quality, ultra-fast photonic signal processing, making SOA-MZI a good candidate for elaborating signals in new generation high-capacity optical networks. Dynamic wavelength switching/routing and add/drop operations are expected to bring benefits in future optical networks in terms of improved system flexibility and efficiency. The capability of performing such operations directly in the optical domain can significantly reduce the number of opto/electrical and electro/optical conversions in the routing nodes, reducing their power consumption and their latency time. Moreover, since phase-shift keying (PSK) formats or other advanced modulation formats involving both amplitude and phase modulation, start to coexist in optical communication systems with the conventional on-off keying (OOK) modulation format, the availability of a single device, suitable for processing all these different signals, is mandatory. The SOA-MZI fits all these requirements for both OOK and constant-envelope phase-modulated signals, providing a compact and flexible solution. Here we review on the use of the SOA-MZI for carrying out all-optical switching operations, by realizing wavelength conversion and add/drop functionalities, both for OOK and differential binary phase shift keying (DPSK) signals up to 40 Gb/s. Power penalties lower than 2 dB are demonstrated in all cases.
Keywords all-optical signal processing      wavelength conversion      semiconductor optical amplifier-Mach-Zehnder interferometer (SOA-MZI)     
Corresponding Author(s): BOGONI Antonella,Email:antonella.bogoni@cnit.it   
Issue Date: 05 March 2013
 Cite this article:   
Claudio PORZI,Giovanni SERAFINO,Sergio PINNA, et al. Review on SOA-MZI-based photonic add/drop and switching operations[J]. Front Optoelec, 2013, 6(1): 67-77.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/10.1007/s12200-012-0297-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/Y2013/V6/I1/67
Fig.1  Generic operation of wavelength shifter
Fig.1  Generic operation of wavelength shifter
Fig.1  Generic operation of wavelength shifter
Fig.1  Generic operation of wavelength shifter
Fig.2  Operation principle of improved scheme for 40 Gb/s OOK operations
Fig.2  Operation principle of improved scheme for 40 Gb/s OOK operations
Fig.2  Operation principle of improved scheme for 40 Gb/s OOK operations
Fig.2  Operation principle of improved scheme for 40 Gb/s OOK operations
Fig.3  Graphical description of operation, illustrating effect of pump signals on switched probes
Fig.3  Graphical description of operation, illustrating effect of pump signals on switched probes
Fig.3  Graphical description of operation, illustrating effect of pump signals on switched probes
Fig.3  Graphical description of operation, illustrating effect of pump signals on switched probes
Fig.4  Gain recovery dynamics of SOAs. ( a) Gain recovery time; (b) eye diagram of wavelength-shifted output data without holding beam; (c) eye diagram of wavelength-shifted output data with holding beam
Fig.4  Gain recovery dynamics of SOAs. ( a) Gain recovery time; (b) eye diagram of wavelength-shifted output data without holding beam; (c) eye diagram of wavelength-shifted output data with holding beam
Fig.4  Gain recovery dynamics of SOAs. ( a) Gain recovery time; (b) eye diagram of wavelength-shifted output data without holding beam; (c) eye diagram of wavelength-shifted output data with holding beam
Fig.4  Gain recovery dynamics of SOAs. ( a) Gain recovery time; (b) eye diagram of wavelength-shifted output data without holding beam; (c) eye diagram of wavelength-shifted output data with holding beam
Fig.5  Oscilloscope traces of input/output signals in the case of data at 10 Gb/s. (a) Input data; (b) gate signal; (c)wavelength-shifted output; (d) pass-through output; (e, f)transient edges of the output signals
Fig.5  Oscilloscope traces of input/output signals in the case of data at 10 Gb/s. (a) Input data; (b) gate signal; (c)wavelength-shifted output; (d) pass-through output; (e, f)transient edges of the output signals
Fig.5  Oscilloscope traces of input/output signals in the case of data at 10 Gb/s. (a) Input data; (b) gate signal; (c)wavelength-shifted output; (d) pass-through output; (e, f)transient edges of the output signals
Fig.5  Oscilloscope traces of input/output signals in the case of data at 10 Gb/s. (a) Input data; (b) gate signal; (c)wavelength-shifted output; (d) pass-through output; (e, f)transient edges of the output signals
Fig.6  Oscilloscope traces of input/output signals in the case of data at 40 Gb/s. (a) Input data; (b)gate signal; (c) pass-through output; (d) wavelength-shifted output; (e, f)transient edges of the output signals
Fig.6  Oscilloscope traces of input/output signals in the case of data at 40 Gb/s. (a) Input data; (b)gate signal; (c) pass-through output; (d) wavelength-shifted output; (e, f)transient edges of the output signals
Fig.6  Oscilloscope traces of input/output signals in the case of data at 40 Gb/s. (a) Input data; (b)gate signal; (c) pass-through output; (d) wavelength-shifted output; (e, f)transient edges of the output signals
Fig.6  Oscilloscope traces of input/output signals in the case of data at 40 Gb/s. (a) Input data; (b)gate signal; (c) pass-through output; (d) wavelength-shifted output; (e, f)transient edges of the output signals
Fig.7  BER measurements results (a) and input/output eye diagrams (b) at 10 Gb/s. The extinction ratio is 12.5, 12.1, and 11.8 dB for the input, pass-through and shifted eye diagram, respectively
Fig.7  BER measurements results (a) and input/output eye diagrams (b) at 10 Gb/s. The extinction ratio is 12.5, 12.1, and 11.8 dB for the input, pass-through and shifted eye diagram, respectively
Fig.7  BER measurements results (a) and input/output eye diagrams (b) at 10 Gb/s. The extinction ratio is 12.5, 12.1, and 11.8 dB for the input, pass-through and shifted eye diagram, respectively
Fig.7  BER measurements results (a) and input/output eye diagrams (b) at 10 Gb/s. The extinction ratio is 12.5, 12.1, and 11.8 dB for the input, pass-through and shifted eye diagram, respectively
Fig.8  BER measurements results (a) and input/output eye diagrams (b) at 40 Gb/s. The extinction ratio is 12, 11.4 and 9.8 dB for the input, pass-through and shifted eye diagram, respectively
Fig.8  BER measurements results (a) and input/output eye diagrams (b) at 40 Gb/s. The extinction ratio is 12, 11.4 and 9.8 dB for the input, pass-through and shifted eye diagram, respectively
Fig.8  BER measurements results (a) and input/output eye diagrams (b) at 40 Gb/s. The extinction ratio is 12, 11.4 and 9.8 dB for the input, pass-through and shifted eye diagram, respectively
Fig.8  BER measurements results (a) and input/output eye diagrams (b) at 40 Gb/s. The extinction ratio is 12, 11.4 and 9.8 dB for the input, pass-through and shifted eye diagram, respectively
Fig.9  Operation principle of modified proposed scheme for 40 Gb/s PSK operations
Fig.9  Operation principle of modified proposed scheme for 40 Gb/s PSK operations
Fig.9  Operation principle of modified proposed scheme for 40 Gb/s PSK operations
Fig.9  Operation principle of modified proposed scheme for 40 Gb/s PSK operations
Fig.10  Graphical description of SOA-MZI switch for pass-trough/data erasing operation
Fig.10  Graphical description of SOA-MZI switch for pass-trough/data erasing operation
Fig.10  Graphical description of SOA-MZI switch for pass-trough/data erasing operation
Fig.10  Graphical description of SOA-MZI switch for pass-trough/data erasing operation
Fig.11  Output spectra from SOA 2 with 10 (a) and 40 Gb/s (b) DPSK modulated data (res.: 0.1 nm)
Fig.11  Output spectra from SOA 2 with 10 (a) and 40 Gb/s (b) DPSK modulated data (res.: 0.1 nm)
Fig.11  Output spectra from SOA 2 with 10 (a) and 40 Gb/s (b) DPSK modulated data (res.: 0.1 nm)
Fig.11  Output spectra from SOA 2 with 10 (a) and 40 Gb/s (b) DPSK modulated data (res.: 0.1 nm)
Fig.12  Oscilloscope traces of input/output signals in the case of DPSK modulated data. (a) Input data; (b) gate signal; (c) pass-through output; (d) wavelength-shifted output; (e, f) transient edges of the output signals at 10 Gb/s; (g, h) transient edges of the output signals at 40 Gb/s
Fig.12  Oscilloscope traces of input/output signals in the case of DPSK modulated data. (a) Input data; (b) gate signal; (c) pass-through output; (d) wavelength-shifted output; (e, f) transient edges of the output signals at 10 Gb/s; (g, h) transient edges of the output signals at 40 Gb/s
Fig.12  Oscilloscope traces of input/output signals in the case of DPSK modulated data. (a) Input data; (b) gate signal; (c) pass-through output; (d) wavelength-shifted output; (e, f) transient edges of the output signals at 10 Gb/s; (g, h) transient edges of the output signals at 40 Gb/s
Fig.12  Oscilloscope traces of input/output signals in the case of DPSK modulated data. (a) Input data; (b) gate signal; (c) pass-through output; (d) wavelength-shifted output; (e, f) transient edges of the output signals at 10 Gb/s; (g, h) transient edges of the output signals at 40 Gb/s
Fig.13  (a) BER measurements for input (IN), pass-trough (PT) and wavelength-shifted (WS) data at 10 and 40 Gb/s; (b) eye diagrams of input/output demodulated data at 10 Gb/s; (c) eye diagrams of input/output demodulated data at 40 Gb/s
Fig.13  (a) BER measurements for input (IN), pass-trough (PT) and wavelength-shifted (WS) data at 10 and 40 Gb/s; (b) eye diagrams of input/output demodulated data at 10 Gb/s; (c) eye diagrams of input/output demodulated data at 40 Gb/s
Fig.13  (a) BER measurements for input (IN), pass-trough (PT) and wavelength-shifted (WS) data at 10 and 40 Gb/s; (b) eye diagrams of input/output demodulated data at 10 Gb/s; (c) eye diagrams of input/output demodulated data at 40 Gb/s
Fig.13  (a) BER measurements for input (IN), pass-trough (PT) and wavelength-shifted (WS) data at 10 and 40 Gb/s; (b) eye diagrams of input/output demodulated data at 10 Gb/s; (c) eye diagrams of input/output demodulated data at 40 Gb/s
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