Highly nonlinear enhanced-core photonic crystal fiber with low dispersion for wavelength conversion based on four-wave mixing

doi:10.1007/s12200-013-0336-8

Front Optoelec

2013, Vol. 6

Issue (3) : 297-302 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12200-013-0336-8

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Highly nonlinear enhanced-core photonic crystal fiber with low dispersion for wavelength conversion based on four-wave mixing

Yashar E. MONFARED(

), A. MOJTAHEDINIA, A. R. MALEKI JAVAN, A. R. MONAJATI KASHANI

Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahre-rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1815163111, Iran

Download: PDF(203 KB) HTML
Export: BibTeX | EndNote | Reference Manager | ProCite | RefWorks

Abstract

In this paper, a new structure of highly nonlinear low dispersion photonic crystal fiber (HN-PCF) by elliptical concentration of GeO₂ in the PCF core has been proposed. Using finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, we have analyzed the dispersion properties and effective mode area in the HN-PCF. Simulative results show that the dispersion variation is within±0.65 ps/(nm?km) in C-band, especially 0.24 ps/(nm?km) in 1.55 μm wavelength. Effective area and nonlinear coefficient are 1.764 μm² and 72.6 W^-1?km^-1 respectively at 1.55 μm wavelength. The proposed PCF demonstrates high nonlinear coefficient, ultra small effective mode area and nearly-zero flattened dispersion characteristics over C-band, which can have important application in all-optical wavelength conversion based on four wave mixing (FWM).

Keywords dispersion effective area four wave mixing (FWM) wavelength conversion photonic crystal fiber (PCF)

Corresponding Author(s): MONFARED Yashar E.,Email:y.monfared@ieee.org

Issue Date: 05 September 2013

Cite this article:

Yashar E. MONFARED,A. MOJTAHEDINIA,A. R. MALEKI JAVAN, et al. Highly nonlinear enhanced-core photonic crystal fiber with low dispersion for wavelength conversion based on four-wave mixing[J]. Front Optoelec, 2013, 6(3): 297-302.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/10.1007/s12200-013-0336-8
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foe/EN/Y2013/V6/I3/297

Fig.1 Cross section of HN-PCF with holes diameter , holes pitch, width , and height of ellipse of the germano-silicate high index core

Fig.2 Fundamental guided mode of HN-PCF with = 0.9 μm, = 2.3 μm, = 0.6 μm and = 2.2 μm in operation wavelength = 1.55 μm

Fig.3 Dispersion curves of HN-PCF with = 2.3 μm, = 0.6 μm and = 2.2 μm as function of wavelength

Fig.4 Nonlinear coefficient curves of HN-PCF with = 2.3 μm, = 0.6 μm and = 2.2 μm as function of wavelength

Fig.5 Dispersion curves of HN-PCF with = 0.7 μm and = 2.3 μm as function of wavelength

Fig.6 Effective area of HN-PCF with = 0.6 μm, = 2.2 μm and = 2.3 μm as function of wavelength

Tab.1 Optical properties of fibers at = 1.55 μm wavelength

1	Geraghty D F, Lee R B, Verdiell M, Ziari M, Mathur A, Vahala K J. Wavelength conversion for WDM communication systems using four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers. IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics , 1997, 3(5): 1146-1155 doi: 10.1109/2944.658588
2	Bhuiyan M N, Matsuura M, Nguyen Tan H, Kishi N. Polarization-insensitive and widely tunable wavelength conversion for polarization shift keying signal based on four wave mixing in highly non-linear fiber. Optics Express , 2010, 18(3): 2467-2476 doi: 10.1364/OE.18.002467 pmid:20174074
3	Qasaimeh O. Theory of four-wave mixing wavelength conversion in quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters , 2004, 16(4): 993-995 doi: 10.1109/LPT.2004.824943
4	Brès C S, Zlatanovic S, Wiberg A O J, Radic S. Continuous-wave four-wave mixing in cm-long Chalcogenide microstructured fiber. Optics Express , 2011, 19(26): B621-B627 doi: 10.1364/OE.19.00B621 pmid:22274079
5	Ho M C, Marhic M E, Wong K Y K, Kazovsky L G. Narrow-linewidth idler generation in fiber four-wave mixing and parametric amplification by dithering two pumps in opposition of phase. Journal of Lightwave Technology , 2002, 20(3): 469-476 doi: 10.1109/50.988996
6	Kanka J. Design of photonic crystal fibers with highly nonlinear glasses for four-wave-mixing based telecom applications. Optics Express , 2008, 16(25): 20395-20408 doi: 10.1364/OE.16.020395 pmid:19065178
7	Cerqueira S A Jr, Boggio J M, Rieznik A A, Hernandez-Figueroa H E, Fragnito H L, Knight J C. Highly efficient generation of broadband cascaded four-wave mixing products. Optics Express , 2008, 16(4): 2816-2828 doi: 10.1364/OE.16.002816 pmid:18542366
8	Zhang A, Demokan M S. Broadband wavelength converter based on four-wave mixing in a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber. Optics Letters , 2005, 30(18): 2375-2377 doi: 10.1364/OL.30.002375 pmid:16196324
9	Russell P. Photonic-crystal fibers. Journal of Lightwave Technology , 2006, 24(12): 4729-4749 doi: 10.1109/JLT.2006.885258
10	Saitoh K, Florous N, Koshiba M. Ultra-flattened chromatic dispersion controllability using a defected-core photonic crystal fiber with low confinement losses. Optics Express , 2005, 13(21): 8365-8371 doi: 10.1364/OPEX.13.008365 pmid:19498866
11	Saitoh K, Koshiba M, Hasegawa T, Sasaoka E. Chromatic dispersion control in photonic crystal fibers: application to ultra-flattened dispersion. Optics Express , 2003, 11(8): 843-852 doi: 10.1364/OE.11.000843 pmid:19461798
12	Chow K K, Kikuchi K, Nagashima T, Hasegawa T, Ohara S, Sugimoto N. Four-wave mixing based widely tunable wavelength conversion using 1-m dispersion-shifted bismuth-oxide photonic crystal fiber. Optics Express , 2007, 15(23): 15418-15423 doi: 10.1364/OE.15.015418 pmid:19550827
13	Wang Z, Liu H, Huang N, Sun Q, Wen J. Efficient terahertz-wave generation via four-wave mixing in silicon membrane waveguides. Optics Express , 2012, 20(8): 8920-8928 doi: 10.1364/OE.20.008920 pmid:22513603
14	Dong L, Thomas B K, Fu L. Highly nonlinear silica suspended core fibers. Optics Express , 2008, 16(21): 16423-16430 doi: 10.1364/OE.16.016423 pmid:18852748
15	Saitoh K, Koshiba M. Highly nonlinear dispersion-flattened photonic crystal fibers for supercontinuum generation in a telecommunication window. Optics Express , 2004, 12(10): 2027-2032 doi: 10.1364/OPEX.12.002027 pmid:19475038
16	Xu Q, Miao R, Zhang Y. Highly nonlinear low-dispersion photonic crystal fiber with high birefringence for four-wave mixing. Optical Materials , 2012, 35(2): 217-221 doi: 10.1016/j.optmat.2012.08.011
17	Sheng X Z, Lou S Q. Influence of deformation holes on properties of photonic crystal fibers. Chinese Physics Letters , 2005, 22(10): 2588-2591 doi: 10.1088/0256-307X/22/10/036
18	Saitoh K, Koshiba M. Numerical modeling of photonic crystal fibers. Journal of Lightwave Technology , 2005, 23(11): 3580-3590 doi: 10.1109/JLT.2005.855855
19	Sun T T, Kai G Y, Wang Z, Yuan S Z, Dong X Y. Enhanced nonlinearity in photonic crystal fiber by germanium doping in the core region. Chinese Optics Letters , 2008, 6(2): 93-95 doi: 10.3788/COL20080602.0093
20	Butov O V, Golant K M, Tomashuk A L, van Stralen M J N, Breuls A H E. Refractive index dispersion of doped silica for fiber optics. Optics Communications , 2002, 213(4-6): 301-308 doi: 10.1016/S0030-4018(02)02087-4
21	Nakajima K, Ohashi M. Dopant dependence of effective nonlinear refractive index in GeO₂- and F-doped core single-mode fibers. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters , 2002, 14(4): 492-494 doi: 10.1109/68.992588
22	Chen M Y, Subbaraman H, Chen R T. One stage pulse compression at 1554 nm through highly anomalous dispersive photonic crystal fiber. Optics Express , 2011, 19(22): 21809-21817 doi: 10.1364/OE.19.021809 pmid:22109032
23	Wang J, Jiang C, Hu W, Gao M. Modified design of photonic crystal fibers with flattened dispersion. Optics & Laser Technology , 2006, 38(3): 169-172 doi: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2004.11.016
24	Udagedara I, Premaratne M, Rukhlenko I D, Hattori H T, Agrawal G P. Unified perfectly matched layer for finite-difference time-domain modeling of dispersive optical materials. Optics Express , 2009, 17(23): 21179-21190 doi: 10.1364/OE.17.021179 pmid:19997357
25	Taniyama H, Sumikura H, Notomi M. Finite-difference time-domain analysis of photonic crystal slab cavities with two-level systems. Optics Express , 2011, 19(23): 23067-23077 doi: 10.1364/OE.19.023067 pmid:22109186
26	Lamont M R, Kuhlmey B T, de Sterke C M. Multi-order dispersion engineering for optimal four-wave mixing. Optics Express , 2008, 16(10): 7551-7563 doi: 10.1364/OE.16.007551 pmid:18545460

[1]	Md. Mostafa FARUK, Nazifa Tabassum KHAN, Shovasis Kumar BISWAS. Highly nonlinear bored core hexagonal photonic crystal fiber (BC-HPCF) with ultra-high negative dispersion for fiber optic transmission system[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2020, 13(4): 433-440.
[2]	Rekha SAHA, Md. Mahbub HOSSAIN, Md. Ekhlasur RAHAMAN, Himadri Shekhar MONDAL. Design and analysis of high birefringence and nonlinearity with small confinement loss photonic crystal fiber[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2019, 12(2): 165-173.
[3]	Md. Nazmul HOSSEN, Md. FERDOUS, Kawsar AHMED, Md. Abdul KHALEK, Sujan CHAKMA, Bikash Kumar PAUL. Single polarization photonic crystal fiber filter based on surface plasmon resonance[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2019, 12(2): 157-164.
[4]	Vasily A. MATKIVSKY, Alexander A. MOISEEV, Sergey Yu. KSENOFONTOV, Irina V. KASATKINA, Grigory V. GELIKONOV, Dmitry V. SHABANOV, Pavel A. SHILYAGIN, Valentine M. GELIKONOV. Medium chromatic dispersion calculation and correction in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2017, 10(3): 323-328.
[5]	Chuan WANG,Xiaoying LIU,Minming ZHANG,Peng ZHOU. Low dispersion broadband integrated double-slot microring resonators optical buffer[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2016, 9(4): 571-577.
[6]	Michael J. CONNELLY,Lukasz KRZCZANOWICZ,Pascal MOREL,Ammar SHARAIHA,Francois LELARGE,Romain BRENOT,Siddharth JOSHI,Sophie BARBET. 40 Gb/s NRZ-DQPSK data wavelength conversion with amplitude regeneration using four-wave mixing in a quantum dash semiconductor optical amplifier[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2016, 9(3): 341-345.
[7]	Meng XIONG,Yunhong DING,Haiyan OU,Christophe PEUCHERET,Xinliang ZHANG. Comparison of wavelength conversion efficiency between silicon waveguide and microring resonator[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2016, 9(3): 390-394.
[8]	Daojun XUE,Shaohua YU,Qi YANG,Nan CHI,Lan RAO,Xiangjun XIN,Wei LI,Songnian FU,Sheng CUI,Demin LIU,Zhuo LI,Aijun WEN,Chongxiu YU,Xinmei WANG. Frontier research of ultra-high-speed ultra-large-capacity and ultra-long-haul optical transmission[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2016, 9(2): 123-137.
[9]	M. Venkata SUDHAKAR,Y. Mallikarjuna REDDY,B. Prabhakara RAO. Influence of optical filtering on transmission capacity in single mode fiber communications[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2015, 8(4): 424-430.
[10]	Zhihua DING,Yi SHEN,Wen BAO,Peng LI. Fourier domain optical coherence tomography with ultralong depth range[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2015, 8(2): 163-169.
[11]	Zhao WU,Yu YU,Xinliang ZHANG. Chromatic dispersion monitoring using semiconductor optical amplifier[J]. Front. Optoelectron., 2014, 7(3): 399-405.
[12]	Bushra NAWAZ, Rameez ASIF. Impact of polarization mode dispersion and nonlinearities on 2-channel DWDM chaotic communication systems[J]. Front Optoelec, 2013, 6(3): 312-317.
[13]	Claudio PORZI, Giovanni SERAFINO, Sergio PINNA, An NGUYEN, Giampiero CONTESTABILE, Antonella BOGONI. Review on SOA-MZI-based photonic add/drop and switching operations[J]. Front Optoelec, 2013, 6(1): 67-77.
[14]	Hamidine MAHAMADOU, Xiuhua YUAN, Eljack M. SARAH, Weizheng ZOU. Simulation and comprehensive assessment of single channel RZ-DPSK optical link by dispersion management with channel bit rate beyond 40 Gbits/s[J]. Front Optoelec, 2012, 5(3): 322-329.
[15]	Yousaf KHAN, Xiangjun XIN, Aftab HUSSAIN, Liu BO, Shahryar SHAFIQUE. Generation and transmission of dispersion tolerant 10-Gbps RZ-OOK signal for radio over fiber link[J]. Front Optoelec, 2012, 5(3): 306-310.

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed