Conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS coated Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles as the anode for sodium-ion battery applications

doi:10.1007/s11706-022-0601-0

Front. Mater. Sci.

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (2) : 220601 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-022-0601-0

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS coated Co₃O₄ nanoparticles as the anode for sodium-ion battery applications

Kevin VARGHESE, Dona Susan BAJI, Shantikumar NAIR, Dhamodaran SANTHANAGOPALAN(

)

Centre for Nanosciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Ponekkara, Kochi 682041, India

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Abstract

Metal oxides are considered as potential anodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Nevertheless, they suffer from poor cycling and rate capability. Here, we investigate conductive polymer coating on Co₃O₄ nanoparticles varying with different percentages. X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and surface chemical analysis were adopted to analyze coated and uncoated Co₃O₄ nanoparticles. Conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), has been utilized for coating. Improved specific capacity and rate capability for an optimal coating of 0.5 wt.% were observed. The 0.5 wt.% coated sample outperformed the uncoated one in terms of capacity, rate capability and coulombic efficiency. It delivered a reversible capacity of 561 mAh·g⁻¹ at 100 mA·g⁻¹ and maintained a capacity of 318 mAh·g⁻¹ at a high rate of 1 A·g⁻¹. Increasing the PEDOT:PSS coating percentage led to lower performance due to the thicker coating induced kinetic issues. Ex-situ analysis of the 0.5 wt.% coated sample after 100 cycles at 1 A·g⁻¹ was characterized for performance correlation. Such a simple, cost-effective and wet-chemical approach has not been employed before for Co₃O₄ as the SIB anode.

Keywords Co₃O₄ sodium-ion battery anode conducting polymer surface coating

Corresponding Author(s): Dhamodaran SANTHANAGOPALAN

Issue Date: 15 June 2022

Cite this article:

Kevin VARGHESE,Dona Susan BAJI,Shantikumar NAIR, et al. Conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS coated Co₃O₄ nanoparticles as the anode for sodium-ion battery applications[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2022, 16(2): 220601.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/10.1007/s11706-022-0601-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/Y2022/V16/I2/220601

Fig.1 XRD patterns of bare Co₃O₄, Co₃O₄@P-0.5, Co₃O₄@P-1.0 and Co₃O₄@P-2.0.

Fig.2 TEM (left) and HRTEM (right) images of (a)(b) Co₃O₄ and (c)(d) Co₃O₄@P-2.0.

Fig.3 High-resolution XPS spectra of (a) Co 2p, (b) O 1s, (c) C 1s and (d) S 2p for all the four samples.

Fig.4 Initial charge?discharge profiles at different current densities: (a) Co₃O₄; (b) Co₃O₄@P-0.5; (c) Co₃O₄@P-1.0; (d) Co₃O₄@P-2.0.

Fig.5 (a) Rate performance of uncoated and coated Co₃O₄ samples at different current densities of 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mA·g^?1. (b) Cycling performance of all the samples at 1 A·g^?1.

Fig.6 EIS results of (a) Co₃O₄, (b) Co₃O₄@P-0.5, (c) Co₃O₄@P-1.0 and (d) Co₃O₄@P-2.0.

Fig.7 Ex-situ XRD patterns of Co₃O₄@P-0.5 before and after cycling at 1 A·g^?1 for 100 cycles.

Fig.8 Ex-situ (a) TEM and (b) HRTEM images of Co₃O₄@P-0.5 after cycling at 1 A·g^?1 for 100 cycles.

Fig.9 (a) Ex-situ XPS wide spectra of Co₃O₄@P-0.5 electrodes uncycled and cycled at 1 A·g^?1 for 100 cycles. (b)(c)(d) High-resolution S 2p, F 1s and Na 1s XPS spectra of Co₃O₄@P-0.5 cycled at 1 A·g^?1 for 100 cycles.

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