Ultrasensitive methyl salicylate gas sensing determined by Pd-doped SnO<sub>2</sub>

doi:10.1007/s11706-022-0625-5

Front. Mater. Sci.

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (4) : 220625 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-022-0625-5

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Ultrasensitive methyl salicylate gas sensing determined by Pd-doped SnO₂

Chaoqi ZHU¹, Xiang LI¹, Xiaoxia WANG¹, Huiyu SU¹, Chaofan MA¹, Xiang GUO²(

), Changsheng XIE¹, Dawen ZENG¹(

)

¹. State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
². Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory, Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemotechnology, Xiangyang 441003, China

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Abstract

Efficient chemical warfare agents (CWAs) detection is required to protect people from the CWAs in war and terrorism. In this work, a Pd-doped SnO₂ nanoparticles-based gas sensor was developed to detect a nerve agent simulant named methyl salicylate. The sensing measurements of methyl salicylate under different Pd doping amounts found that the 0.5 at.% Pd-doped SnO₂ exhibited a significant improvement in the detection of methyl salicylate at the ppb (1 ppb = 10⁻⁹) level, and the response value to 160 ppb methyl salicylate is 0.72 at 250 °C. Compared with the pure SnO₂, the response value is increased by 4.5 times, which could be attributed to the influence of the noble metal Pd on the oxygen state and its catalytic effect. In addition, the 0.5 at.% Pd-doped SnO₂ sensor still has an obvious response to 16 ppb methyl salicylate with a response value of 0.13, indicating the lower detection limit of the sensor.

Keywords SnO₂ methyl salicylate gas sensor Pd doping noble metal

Corresponding Author(s): Xiang GUO,Dawen ZENG

Issue Date: 22 December 2022

Cite this article:

Chaoqi ZHU,Xiang LI,Xiaoxia WANG, et al. Ultrasensitive methyl salicylate gas sensing determined by Pd-doped SnO₂[J]. Front. Mater. Sci., 2022, 16(4): 220625.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/10.1007/s11706-022-0625-5
https://academic.hep.com.cn/foms/EN/Y2022/V16/I4/220625

Fig.1 The synthesis process of Pd-doped SnO₂ nanoparticles.

Fig.2 XRD patterns of pure SnO₂ (a), SnO₂ with 0.5 at.% Pd (b), SnO₂ with 1 at.% Pd (c), SnO₂ with 1.5 at.% Pd (d), and SnO₂ with 2 at.% Pd (e).

Fig.3 SEM images of SnO₂ with different Pd doping amounts: (a) 0.5 at.% Pd; (b) 1 at.% Pd; (c) 1.5 at.% Pd; (d) 2 at.% Pd.

Fig.4 (a) TEM image and (b) HRTEM image of 0.5 at.% Pd-doped SnO₂.

Fig.5 XPS spectra of 0.5 at.% Pd-doped SnO₂: (a) full-scan survey spectrum; (b)(c)(d) high-resolution spectra of Sn 3d, O 1s, and Pd 3d.

Fig.6 Gas sensing properties of Pd-doped SnO₂ for methyl salicylate: (a) the response value of SnO₂ with different Pd doping concentrations to 160 ppb methyl salicylate at different operating temperatures; (b) the response value of 0.5 at.% Pd-doped SnO₂ to different concentrations of methyl salicylate; (c) the response recovery curve of 0.5 at.% Pd-doped SnO₂ to different concentrations of methyl salicylate at 250 °C; (d) the repeatability of 0.5 at.% Pd-doped SnO₂ versus 160 ppb methyl salicylate at 250 °C.

Fig.7 The response and selectivity performance of 0.5 Pd-doped SnO₂ sensor: (a) the response and recovery curve to 160 ppb methyl salicylate at 250 °C; (b) the response values of the sensor to 160 ppb methyl salicylate and to 500 ppb other gases at 250 °C.

Fig.8 The schematic illustration of the sensing mechanism of Pd-doped SnO₂ nanoparticles toward methyl salicylate.

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