The shear strength of the interface between artificial rock and printed concrete at super-early ages

doi:10.1007/s11709-024-1012-3

Front. Struct. Civ. Eng.

2024, Vol. 18

Issue (1) : 51-65 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-024-1012-3

The shear strength of the interface between artificial rock and printed concrete at super-early ages

Yong Yuan^1,^2,³, Xiaoyun Wang^1,⁴, Jiao-Long Zhang^1,³(

), Yaxin Tao^3,⁴, Kim Van Tittelboom⁴, Luc Taerwe^3,⁴, Geert De Schutter^3,⁴(

)

¹. College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
². State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
³. Belgium-China Joint Laboratory for Industrialized Construction, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
⁴. Magnel-Vandepitte Laboratory for Structural Engineering and Building Materials, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium

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Abstract

3D concrete printing has the potential to replace shotcrete for construction of linings of tunnels in hard rock. The shear strength of the interface between rock and printed concrete is vital, especially at super-early ages. However, traditional methods for testing the shear strength of the interface, e.g., the direct shear test, are time-consuming and result in a high variability for fast-hardening printed concrete. In this paper, a new fast bond shear test is proposed. Each test can be completed in 1 min, with another 2 min for preparing the next test. The influence of the matrix composition, the age of the printed matrices, and the interface roughness of the artificial rock substrate on the shear strength of the interface was experimentally studied. The tests were conducted at the age of the matrices at the 1st, the 4th, the 8th, the 16th, the 32nd, and the 64th min after its final setting. A dimensionless formula was established to calculate the shear strength, accounting for the age of the printed matrices, the interface roughness, and the shear failure modes. It was validated by comparing the calculated results and the experimental results of one group of samples.

Keywords rock tunnel printed concrete interface fast bond shear test shear strength

Corresponding Author(s): Jiao-Long Zhang,Geert De Schutter

Just Accepted Date: 12 March 2024 Online First Date: 08 May 2024 Issue Date: 24 May 2024

Cite this article:

Yong Yuan,Xiaoyun Wang,Jiao-Long Zhang, et al. The shear strength of the interface between artificial rock and printed concrete at super-early ages[J]. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng., 2024, 18(1): 51-65.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/10.1007/s11709-024-1012-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fsce/EN/Y2024/V18/I1/51

Fig.1 Diagrammatic sketch and set-up of the FBST: (a) diagrammatic sketch of the FBST; (b) set-up of the FBST.

Fig.2 Dimensions of the substrate with holes (unit: mm): (a) dimensions of the substrate; (b) dimensions of the hole.

Fig.3 The molding and demolding of the substrates: (a) the assembled molds; (b) the molding of the substrates; (c) the substrates after demolding.

Fig.4 Procedure for printing concrete: (a) temporarily filling the lower part of the hole; (b) printing concrete into the holes; (c) placing samples in the test machine.

Fig.5 Procedure of pushing out the printed cylindrical samples: (a) aligning the axes; (b) contacting the loading rod with the top of the sample; (c) loading until debonding; (d) preparing the loading of the next sample.

Tab.1 Mixture proportions of the matrices (by weight of cement)

Tab.2 Chemical composition and loss on ignition (LOI) of the Portland cement (by weight of cement (%))

Tab.3 Mixture proportions of the UHPC (by weight of the premix binder)

Tab.4 Classification of interface roughness

Fig.6 Classification of interface roughness of the substrate: (a) classification I; (b) classification II; (c) classification III; (d) classification IV.

Tab.5 Workability of the matrices

Fig.7 Evolution of the compressive strength of the matrices.

Fig.8 Evolution of the shear strength of the interface: (a) matrix A; (b) matrix B; (c) matrix C.

Fig.9 Shear failure modes of matrix A.

Fig.10 Shear failure modes of matrix B.

Fig.11 Shear failure modes of matrix C.

Tab.6 Fitted parameters for each matrix

Fig.12 Evolution of the shear strength of the interface: (a) matrix A; (b) matrix B; and (c) matrix C.

Fig.13 Comparison between the experimental results and the fitted results from the model for the shear strength of interface roughness III.

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