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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering

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Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.    2022, Vol. 9 Issue (3) : 407-424    https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2022448
REVIEW
SOIL NITROGEN CYCLING AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN THE SUBTROPICAL HILLY REGION OF CHINA: EVIDENCE FROM MEASUREMENTS AND MODELING
Jianlin SHEN1,2(), Yong LI3(), Yi WANG1,4, Yanyan LI1, Xiao ZHU1,2, Wenqian JIANG1,2, Yuyuan LI1,2, Jinshui WU1,2
1. Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region and Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
4. College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China
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Abstract

● Soil nitrogen fluxes and influencing factors were reviewed in the subtropical hilly regions.

● Fertilizer application and atmospheric deposition contributed largely to soil nitrogen input.

● High gaseous, runoff and leaching losses of soil nitrogen were measured.

● Soil nitrogen cycles are well modelled with the Catchment Nutrients Management Model.

The subtropical hilly region of China is a region with intensive crop and livestock production, which has resulted in serious N pollution in soil, water and air. This review summarizes the major soil N cycling processes and their influencing factors in rice paddies and uplands in the subtropical hilly region of China. The major N cycling processes include the N fertilizer application in croplands, atmospheric N deposition, biological N fixation, crop N uptake, ammonia volatilization, N2O/NO emissions, nitrogen runoff and leaching losses. The catchment nutrients management model for N cycle modeling and its case studies in the subtropical hilly region were also introduced. Finally, N management practices for improving N use efficiency in cropland, as well as catchment scales are summarized.
Keywords nitrogen cycling      soil nitrogen      nitrogen deposition      greenhouse gases emission      non-point source pollution      nitrogen use efficiency     
Corresponding Author(s): Jianlin SHEN,Yong LI   
About author:

Tongcan Cui and Yizhe Hou contributed equally to this work.
Just Accepted Date: 27 April 2022   Online First Date: 02 June 2022    Issue Date: 09 September 2022
 Cite this article:   
Jianlin SHEN,Yong LI,Yi WANG, et al. SOIL NITROGEN CYCLING AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN THE SUBTROPICAL HILLY REGION OF CHINA: EVIDENCE FROM MEASUREMENTS AND MODELING[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2022, 9(3): 407-424.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/10.15302/J-FASE-2022448
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/Y2022/V9/I3/407
Crops N rate (kg·ha−1 N) Method Organic ratio (%) NH3 flux (kg·ha−1 N) Mean NH3 loss rate (%) References
Single rice 300–350 B, DP – 28.7–49.4 17.2 [82–85]
Early rice 120–220 B, DP – 33.2–89.3 29.4 [6,10,16,79]
Late rice 120–270 B, DP – 50.4–140.5 35.6 [6,10,16,79]
Tea 0–2600 Furrow 26–92 5.73–48.8 10.6 [12,17–19]
Vegetable 200–1500 B 10–75 0.4–55 9.2 [20,21,81]
Fruit 136–570 DP 25–75 7.7–13 5.5 [22,86,87]
Tab.1  Nitrogen fertilizer application and ammonia volatilization
Fig.1  Model structure and data flow of the catchment nutrients management model (CNMM). The structure of the model includes the following parts: (1) hydrology (evaporation and transpiration, snow melting, runoff, infiltration, lateral flow, base flow, stream discharge), (2) soil-water temperature (energy balance), (3) plant growth, (4) plant–soil-water C-N-P Cycling (e.g., SOM decomposition and humification, immobilization, dry/wet N deposition, nitrification, denitrification, plant uptake, CO2-CH4-NH3-NOx-N2O-N2 emissions, leaching), (5) water and C-N-P transport and loss via runoff, lateral flow, base flow and stream flow, and (6) land management (e.g., planting, harvest, tillage, burning, fertilization, irrigation, wastes treatment).
Fig.2  Nitrogen cycles simulated in the catchment nutrients management model.
Fig.3  Production pathways of soil NO, N2O and N2.
Fig.4  Simulated and observed values of soil water content (a), temperature at 5 cm (b), ammonium nitrogen content (c), NO (d), nitrate nitrogen content (e), and N2O (f) emission fluxes of tea plantation soils in the Feiyue catchment.
Fig.5  Catchment nutrients management model simulated and observed values of stream flow (a), groundwater table (b), TN (c) and TP (d) concentrations at the main outlet of Nanyue catchment.
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