A NEW APPROACH TO HOLISTIC NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN CHINA

doi:10.15302/J-FASE-2022453

Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.

2022, Vol. 9

Issue (3) : 490-510 https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2022453

RIVIEW

A NEW APPROACH TO HOLISTIC NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN CHINA

Xuejun LIU¹(

), Zhenling CUI¹, Tianxiang HAO², Lixing YUAN¹, Ying ZHANG¹, Baojing GU³, Wen XU¹, Hao YING¹, Weifeng ZHANG¹, Tingyu LI⁴, Xiaoyuan YAN⁵, Keith GOULDING⁶, David KANTER⁷, Robert HOWARTH⁸, Carly STEVENS⁹, Jagdish LADHA¹⁰, Qianqian LI¹¹, Lei LIU¹², Wim DE VRIES¹³, Fusuo ZHANG¹

¹. Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
². Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
³. College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
⁴. College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
⁵. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
⁶. Department of Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
⁷. Department of Environmental Studies, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
⁸. Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
⁹. Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
¹⁰. Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
¹¹. School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
¹². College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
¹³. Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands

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Abstract

● Progress on nitrogen management in agriculture is overviewed in China.

● 4R principles are key to high N use efficiency and low N losses in soil-crop systems.

● A new framework of food-chain-N-management is proposed.

● China’s success in N management provides models for other countries.

Since the 1980s, the widespread use of N fertilizer has not only resulted in a strong increase in agricultural productivity but also caused a number of environmental problems, induced by excess reactive N emissions. A range of approaches to improve N management for increased agricultural production together with reduced environmental impacts has been proposed. The 4R principles (right product, right amount, right time and right place) for N fertilizer application have been essential for improving crop productivity and N use efficiency while reducing N losses. For example, site-specific N management (as part of 4R practice) reduced N fertilizer use by 32% and increased yield by 5% in China. However, it has not been enough to overcome the challenge of producing more food with reduced impact on the environment and health. This paper proposes a new framework of food-chain-nitrogen-management (FCNM). This involves good N management including the recycling of organic manures, optimized crop and animal production and improved human diets, with the aim of maximizing resource use efficiency and minimizing environmental emissions. FCNM could meet future challenges for food demand, resource sustainability and environmental safety, key issues for green agricultural transformation in China and other countries.

Keywords 4R technology food chain N management N use efficiency soil-crop system sustainable management

Corresponding Author(s): Xuejun LIU

About author:

Tongcan Cui and Yizhe Hou contributed equally to this work.

Just Accepted Date: 20 June 2022 Online First Date: 20 July 2022 Issue Date: 09 September 2022

Cite this article:

Xuejun LIU,Zhenling CUI,Tianxiang HAO, et al. A NEW APPROACH TO HOLISTIC NITROGEN MANAGEMENT IN CHINA[J]. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. , 2022, 9(3): 490-510.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/10.15302/J-FASE-2022453
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fase/EN/Y2022/V9/I3/490

Fig.1 Nitrogen cascade within agricultural and non-agricultural ecosystems (a) and the simplified impacts of reactive N (Nr) on air pollution and greenhouse gas emission, water pollution (including eutrophication), soil acidification, and biodiversity declines (b).

Fig.2 Overview of optimized N management including the 4Rs (right rate, right source, right time and right place) for high-quality sustainably produced grain (a) and integrated soil-crop system management (b) (modified from Chen et al.^[²⁷^]).

Fig.3 Historical changes of synthetic N fertilizer use in agriculture, partial fertilizer productivity (PFP), total N use efficiency (NUE_total) and crop production in China during 1961–2018 (a); trends in yield for different crop categories in China during 1961–2018 (b). Data source: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. NUE_total = N_output/N_input × 100, the ratio of N in harvested crops to the total N inputs, considering all N sources (i.e., N fertilizer, manure N, biological N fixation and deposition) in the soil-crop system.

Tab.1 Summarized N management strategies for global and selected geographic regions showing hotspots of total N inputs to cropland

Fig.4 An integrated framework for food-chain-N-management (FCNM) at regional and temporal scales, based on environmental thresholds (a) (data from Ma et al.^[¹⁴³^]); and a conceptual model for optimal soil-crop management to achieve synchronous crop productivity, resource use efficiency and environmental protection (b).

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