Fabrication of N-doped carbon nanobelts from a polypyrrole tube by confined pyrolysis for supercapacitors

doi:10.1007/s11705-020-2033-7

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2021, Vol. 15

Issue (5) : 1312-1321 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-020-2033-7

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Fabrication of N-doped carbon nanobelts from a polypyrrole tube by confined pyrolysis for supercapacitors

Wei Wang¹, Haijun Lv¹, Juan Du¹(

), Aibing Chen^1,²(

)

¹. College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
². CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China

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Abstract

In this present work, N-doped carbon nanobelts (N-CNBs) were prepared by a confined-pyrolysis approach and the N-CNBs were derived from a polypyrrole (Ppy) tube coated with a compact silica layer. The silica layer provided a confined space for the Ppy pyrolysis, thereby hindering the rapid overflow of pyrolysis gas, which is the activator for the formation of carbonaceous materials. At the same time, the confined environment can activate the carbon shell to create a thin wall and strip the carbon tube into belt morphology. This process of confined pyrolysis realizes self-activation during the pyrolysis of Ppy to obtain the carbon nanobelts without adding any additional activator, which reduces pollution and preparation cost. In addition, this approach is simple to operate and avoids the disadvantages of other methods that consume time and materials. The as-prepared N-CNB shows cross-linked nanobelt morphology and a rich porous structure with a large specific surface area. As supercapacitor electrode materials, the N-CNB can present abundant active sites, and exhibits a specific capacitance of 246 F·g⁻¹, and excellent ability with 95.44% retention after 10000 cycles. This indicates that the N-CNB is an ideal candidate as a supercapacitor electrode material.

Keywords carbon nanobelts polypyrrole N-doped confined pyrolysis supercapacitor

Corresponding Author(s): Juan Du,Aibing Chen

Online First Date: 15 March 2021 Issue Date: 30 August 2021

Cite this article:

Wei Wang,Haijun Lv,Juan Du, et al. Fabrication of N-doped carbon nanobelts from a polypyrrole tube by confined pyrolysis for supercapacitors[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(5): 1312-1321.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-020-2033-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2021/V15/I5/1312

Tab.1 Relationship between different dosages of TEOS and Ppy@SiO₂-x

Fig.1 Scheme 1 Synthesis procedure of TCF and N-CNBs.

Fig.2 TEM images of (a,b) TCF, (c) N-CNB-3, (d) N-CNB-1, (e) N-CNB-2, and (f) N-CNB-4.

Fig.3 XPS spectra of (a) N-CNB-3, (b) C1s, (c) O1s, and (d) N1s.

Fig.4 (a) Isotherms of N₂ adsorption/desorption; (b) distribution of pore size for TCF and N-CNB; (c) CV; (d) GCD curves of TCF and N-CNB at a scan rate of 5 mV·s⁻¹ and a current density of 1 A·g⁻¹.

Tab.2 Textural properties and capacitance performance of TCF and N-CNBs

Fig.5 Electrochemical measurements of N-CNB-3: (a) CV, (b) GCD, (c) rate capacity, (d) Nyquist plot measured, and (e) life-cycle of N-CNB-3 in the three-electrode system.

Fig.6 Electrochemical performance in a two-electrode system with an N-CNB-3 electrode: (a) CV and (b) GCD curves at a different scan rate and current density, (c) capacitance calculated by GCD with different current densities, and (d) the Ragone plot of N-CNB-3.

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