Zinc modification of Ni-Ti as efficient NixZnyTi1 catalysts with both geometric and electronic improvements for hydrogenation of nitroaromatics

doi:10.1007/s11705-021-2072-8

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (4) : 461-474 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-021-2072-8

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Zinc modification of Ni-Ti as efficient Ni_xZn_yTi₁ catalysts with both geometric and electronic improvements for hydrogenation of nitroaromatics

Pingle Liu, Yu Liu, Yang Lv, Wei Xiong(

), Fang Hao(

), Hean Luo

College of Chemical Engineering, National & Local United Engineering Research Center for Chemical Process Simulation and Intensification, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China

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Abstract

The catalytic hydrogenation of nitroaromatics is an environmentally friendly technology for aniline production, and it is crucial to develop noble-metal-free catalysts that can achieve chemoselective hydrogenation of nitroaromatics under mild reaction conditions. In this work, zinc-modified Ni-Ti catalysts (Ni_xZn_yTi₁) were fabricated and applied for the hydrogenation of nitroaromatics hydrogenation. It was found that the introduction of zinc effectively increases the surface Ni density, enhances the electronic effect, and improves the interaction between Ni and TiO₂, resulting in smaller Ni particle size, more oxygen vacancies, higher dispersion and greater concentration of Ni on the catalyst surface. Furthermore, the electron-rich Ni^δ^– obtained by electron transfer from Zn and Ti to Ni effectively adsorbs and dissociates hydrogen. The results reveal that Ni_xZn_yTi₁ (Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Ti₁) shows excellent catalytic performance under mild conditions (70 °C and 6 bar). These findings provide a rational strategy for the development of highly active non-noble-metal hydrogenation catalysts.

Keywords bimetal strategy oxygen vacancy non-noble metal catalyst hydrogenation aromatic nitro compounds

Corresponding Author(s): Wei Xiong,Fang Hao

Online First Date: 26 August 2021 Issue Date: 21 March 2022

Cite this article:

Pingle Liu,Yu Liu,Yang Lv, et al. Zinc modification of Ni-Ti as efficient Ni_xZn_yTi₁ catalysts with both geometric and electronic improvements for hydrogenation of nitroaromatics[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(4): 461-474.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-021-2072-8
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2022/V16/I4/461

Fig.1 (A) H₂-TPR profiles of Ni_xZn_yTi₁ samples before reduction, and (B) XRD patterns of the reduced catalysts: (a) Ni₁Ti₁, (b) Ni_0.8Zn_0.2Ti₁, (c) Ni_0.67Zn_0.33Ti₁, (d) Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Ti₁, (e) Ni_0.33Zn_0.67Ti₁, (f) Ni_0.2Zn_0.8Ti₁, and (g) Zn₁Ti₁.

Tab.1 The physicochemical characteristics and textural properties of the catalysts

Fig.2 (a) HRTEM of Ni₁Ti₁, (b) HRTEM of Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Ti₁, (c) EDS line scanning profiles of Ni and Zn element on Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Ti₁, and EDS mapping of Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Ti₁.

Fig.3 XPS spectra of (A) Ti 2p, (B) Zn 2p, (C) O 1s, and (D) Ni 2p_3/2 regions in reduced samples: (a) Ni₁Ti₁, (b) Ni_0.33Zn_0.67Ti₁, (c) Ni_0.67Zn_0.33Ti₁, and (d) Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Ti₁.

Tab.2 Surface chemical states of metal and oxygen species on Ni_xZn_yTi₁ samples

Fig.4 EPR spectra of Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Ti₁, Ni_0.67Zn_0.33Ti₁, Ni_0.33Zn_0.67Ti₁, and Ni₁Ti₁.

Fig.5 Scheme 1 Network of reactions for the hydrogenation of 1-nitronaphthalene.

Fig.6 (a) Hydrogenation of 1-nitronaphthalene with different Ni_xZn_yTi₁, and (b) the conversion trends along with the reaction time and the reaction rates at t = 300 min over different Ni_xZn_yTi₁ catalysts und. Reaction conditions: catalysts, 0.1 g; 1-nitronaphthalene, 1 g; DMF, 20 mL; reaction temperature, 70 °C; P_H2, 6 bar.

Fig.7 On catalytic activity and chemoselectivity for hydrogenation of 1-nitronaphthalene, effect of reaction temperature over (a) Ni₁Ti₁ and (c) Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Ti₁with reaction time being 5 h, and effect of reaction time over (b) Ni₁Ti₁ at 90 °C and (d) Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Ti₁ at 70 °C. Other reaction conditions: catalysts, 0.1 g; 1-nitronaphthalene, 1 g; DMF, 20 mL; P_H2, 6 bar.

Fig.8 Dependences of reaction rate on (a) H₂ pressure and (b) 1-nitronaphthalene concentration.

Fig.9 Pseudo-zero-order kinetics linear plots for 1-nitronaphthalene hydrogenation over the (a) Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Ti₁ and (b) Ni₁Ti₁ catalysts, and (c) the fitting results for the corresponding kinetic pseudo-zero-order model.

Tab.3 The hydrogenation of other aromatic nitro compounds over Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Ti₁^a)

Fig.10 The recycle stability of Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Ti₁ under reaction conditions: catalysts, 0.1 g; 1-nitronaphthalene, 1 g; DMF, 20 mL; reaction temperature, 80 °C; time, 5 h; P_H2, 6 bar.

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