Characterization and comparison of organic functional groups effects on electrolyte performance for vanadium redox flow battery

doi:10.1007/s11705-023-2298-8

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2023, Vol. 17

Issue (9) : 1221-1230 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-023-2298-8

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Characterization and comparison of organic functional groups effects on electrolyte performance for vanadium redox flow battery

Ling Ge^1,^2,^3,⁴, Tao Liu^1,^2,^3,⁴(

), Yimin Zhang^1,^2,^3,⁴, Hong Liu^1,^2,^3,⁴

¹. School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
². State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Mineral Metallurgical Resources Utilization and Pollution Control, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for High Efficient Utilization of Vanadium Resources, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
³. Collaborative Innovation Center of Strategic Vanadium Resources Utilization, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
⁴. Hubei Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of High Efficient Cleaning Utilization for Shale Vanadium Resource, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China

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Abstract

The vanadium redox flow battery with a safe and capacity-controllable large-scale energy storage system offers a new method for the sustainability. In this case, acetic acid, methane sulfonic acid, sulfonic acid, amino methane sulfonic acid, and taurine are used to overcome the low electrolyte energy density and stability limitations, as well as to investigate the effects of various organic functional groups on the vanadium redox flow battery. When compared to the pristine electrolyte (0.22 Ah, 5.0 Wh·L^–1, 85.0%), the results show that taurine has the advantage of maintaining vanadium ion concentrations, discharge capacity (1.43 Ah), energy density (33.9 Wh·L^–1), and energy efficiency (90.5%) even after several cycles. The acetic acid electrolyte is more conducive to the low-temperature stability of the V(II) electrolyte (177 h at −25 °C) than pristine (82 h at −2 °C). The –SO₃H group, specifically the coaction of the –NH₂ and –SO₃H groups, improves electrolyte stability. The –NH₂ and –COOH additive groups improved conductivity and electrochemical activity.

Keywords vanadium redox flow battery functional groups organic additives energy density stability

Corresponding Author(s): Tao Liu

About author:

^* These authors contributed equally to this work.

Online First Date: 30 March 2023 Issue Date: 29 August 2023

Cite this article:

Ling Ge,Tao Liu,Yimin Zhang, et al. Characterization and comparison of organic functional groups effects on electrolyte performance for vanadium redox flow battery[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2023, 17(9): 1221-1230.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-023-2298-8
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2023/V17/I9/1221

Tab.1 Effect of various additives on the thermal stability of the 2.0 mol·L^–1 electrolytes^a)

Fig.1 The UV–Vis absorption spectra of electrolytes following a thermal stability test.

Fig.2 CV curves of electrolytes with various additives: (a) 1 mol % of the additives and (b) the best optimal concentration of additives.

Tab.2 Main data from CV curves of electrolytes with various additives

Fig.3 Nyquist plots of electrolytes with various additives.

Tab.3 Main data from circuit modeling of R(C(RW))

Fig.4 Charge–discharge curves. (a) Circular capability, (b) battery efficiencies over 50 cycles: current efficiencies (CE), voltage efficiencies (VE), and energy efficiencies (EE), (c) after 50 cycles, the capacity curves, and (d) energy density.

Fig.5 Raman spectra and molecular structures of various electrolytes: (a) and (b) Raman spectra of an electrolyte with different additives, (c) additive molecular structure and solubility, and (d) schematic of sulfonic acid group replacement location.

Fig.6 The SEM images of the carbon felt after the 50 charge–discharge cycles: (a) pristine, (b) GAA, and (c) TAU.

Fig.7 Electrolyte mechanisms without and with different functional groups: (a) a schematic of the charge–discharge VRFB and the electrode surface and (b) the reaction process of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur exchange with vanadium ion on the electrode surface.

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