Ultralong hydroxyapatite-based forward osmosis membrane for freshwater generation

doi:10.1007/s11705-024-2450-0

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2024, Vol. 18

Issue (9) : 100 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-024-2450-0

Ultralong hydroxyapatite-based forward osmosis membrane for freshwater generation

Mohamed Gamal Gomaa^1,², Hamdy Maamoun Abdel-Ghafar¹(

), Francesco Galiano³, Francesca Russo³, Alberto Figoli³, El-Sayed Ali Abdel-Aal¹, Abdel-Hakim Taha Kandil², Bahaa Ahmed Salah²

¹. Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute (CMRDI), 11421 Cairo, Egypt
². Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt
³. Institute on Membrane Technology (CNR-ITM), 87036 Rende, Italy

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Abstract

Increasing global water shortages are accelerating the pace of membrane manufacturing, which generates many environmentally harmful solvents. Such challenges need a radical rethink of developing innovative membranes that can address freshwater production without generating environmentally harmful solvents. This work utilized the synthesized ultra-long hydroxyapatite (UHA) by the solvothermal method using the green solvent oleic acid in preparing UHA-based forward osmosis membranes. The membranes were developed using different loading ratios of graphene oxide (GO) by vacuum-assisted filtration technique. The prepared GO/UHA membranes were identified using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Water contact angle and pore size distribution were determined for the obtained GO/UHA membranes. The obtained hierarchical porous structure in the prepared membranes with interconnected channels results in a stable water flux with reverse salt flux. The best water flux rate of 42 ± 2 L·m^–2·h^–1 was achieved using the 50 mg GO/UHA membrane, which is 3.3 times higher than the pristine membrane, and a reverse salt flux of 67 g·m^–2·h^–1. The obtained results showed a promising capability of a new generation of sustainable inorganic-based membranes that can be utilized in freshwater generation by energy-efficient techniques such as forward osmosis.

Keywords forward osmosis ultra-long hydroxyapatite graphene oxide inorganic-based membrane

Corresponding Author(s): Hamdy Maamoun Abdel-Ghafar

Just Accepted Date: 24 April 2024 Issue Date: 27 May 2024

Cite this article:

Mohamed Gamal Gomaa,Hamdy Maamoun Abdel-Ghafar,Francesco Galiano, et al. Ultralong hydroxyapatite-based forward osmosis membrane for freshwater generation[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2024, 18(9): 100.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-024-2450-0
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2024/V18/I9/100

Fig.1 Preparation of the UHA membrane.

Fig.2 Schematic illustration of the FO system used to determine the UHA membranes performance evaluation.

Fig.3 TEM images of the synthesized UHA nanowires at different magnifications: (a) at 600 nm, and (b, c) at 1.0 μm.

Fig.4 The prepared UHA-based membranes with different loads of GO: (a) 0 mg, (b) 10 mg, (c) 30 mg, (d) 60 mg, and (e) a schematic illustration of UHA and GO interactions.

Fig.5 The SEM morphology analysis for the top layer of the prepared membranes 0, 10, 20, and 30 mg GO/UHA of (a), (b), (c), and (d), respectively. The SEM cross-sectional analysis for the prepared membranes 0, 10, 20, and 30 mg GO/UHA of (e), (f), (g), and (h), respectively.

Tab.1 The thickness of the prepared GO/UHA membranes

Fig.6 XRD of the UHA-based membranes.

Fig.7 (a) The AFM images “derived data” of the top surface of GO/UHA membranes, (b) an image of stable water drops on the top surface of 60 mg GO/UHA membranes, (c) water contact angle of the GO/UHA membranes, and (d) a schematic illustration of Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter models.

Fig.8 FTIR analysis of the GO/UHA membranes.

Fig.9 XPS analysis of the GO/UHA membranes.

Fig.10 The pore size flow distribution analysis of the GO/UHA membranes. (a) The MFP, and (b) the pore size flow distribution.

Fig.11 Performance evaluation of the GO/UHA membranes. (a) Water flux, and (b) comparison of water flux of 0 mg GO/UHA membrane and 50 mg GO/UHA membrane.

Fig.12 Reverse salt flux of the GO/UHA membranes.

Tab.2 Comparison of nanomaterials composed membranes applied in FO

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