Dehydration of natural gas and biogas streams using solid desiccants: a review

doi:10.1007/s11705-020-2025-7

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

2021, Vol. 15

Issue (5) : 1050-1074 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11705-020-2025-7

REVIEW ARTICLE

Dehydration of natural gas and biogas streams using solid desiccants: a review

Soheil Bahraminia, Mansoor Anbia(

), Esmat Koohsaryan

Research Laboratory of Nanoporous Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, 16846-13114 Tehran, Iran

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Abstract

Natural gas and biogas are two mixtures that consist of methane as their main component. These two gas mixtures are usually saturated with water vapor, which cause many problems, such as damaging the gas processing equipment by increasing the gas’s corrosion potential or clogging the pipelines due to gas hydrate formation. Thus, removing water vapor from these gas streams is mandatory. In this review paper, the main dehydration methods have been overviewed, and scrutiny of the adsorption dehydration has been carried out. Furthermore, the most important solid desiccants and their improvements have been reviewed.

Keywords natural gas biogas dehydration adsorption solid desiccant

Corresponding Author(s): Mansoor Anbia

Just Accepted Date: 30 January 2021 Online First Date: 12 March 2021 Issue Date: 30 August 2021

Cite this article:

Soheil Bahraminia,Mansoor Anbia,Esmat Koohsaryan. Dehydration of natural gas and biogas streams using solid desiccants: a review[J]. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng., 2021, 15(5): 1050-1074.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/10.1007/s11705-020-2025-7
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fcse/EN/Y2021/V15/I5/1050

Tab.1 General composition of wet and dry NG [2]

Tab.2 Typical components and impurities in biogas [8]

Tab.3 Values are required for different components of biogas, according to the application [8]

Fig.2 (a) General sequence for NG purification processes; (b) the various unit operation in biogas upgrading from the fermenter to the NG grid.

Fig.4 (a) The structure of water methane hydrate. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [28], copyright 2011 Elsevier; (b) Thermodynamic conditions for hydrate formation. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [15], copyright 2015 Elsevier.

Fig.5 (a) Hydrate formation in outlet filters and baffles of cold-separator. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [13], copyright 2013 Elsevier; (b) Damage of gas pipeline caused by hydrate plug movement. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [15], copyright 2015 Elsevier.

Tab.4 The adsorption and regeneration phase duration of a drying unit, including four beds [42]

Tab.5 Water adsorption capacities and surface areas of different kinds of SG and various SG-based composites

Fig.15 Zeolite formation in a hydrogel system investigated by transmission electron microscopy: (a) nucleation at the gel-liquid interface; (b) growth and liberation of zeolite nuclei from the gel matrix; (c) growth in parent liquor, and (d) final fully crystalline zeolite product. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [85], copyright 2013 American Chemical Society.

Fig.16 (a) Main parameters governing zeolite synthesis. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [86], copyright 2014 Elsevier; (b) Stages of Na-zeolite phase transformation with increasing synthesis time and temperature proportional to Ostwald’s rule of stages wherein metastable structures progressively transform to more thermodynamically stable ones. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [87], copyright 2013 American Chemical Society.

Fig.17 Correlation for molecular sieving of molecules (with kinetic diameter s) in various zeolites with different effective pore sizes at the temperature of 77 K (solid lines) and 240 K (dotted lines). Reprinted with permission from Ref. [54], copyright 2003 John Wiley and Sons.

Fig.18 (a) Sodalite or beta cage; (b) the most likely cation sites of the type A zeolite; (c) the most likely sites of the type FAU framework. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [54], copyright 2003 John Wiley and Sons.

Tab.6 Water adsorption capacities of different kinds of zeolites along with their ion-exchanged types

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