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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering

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Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.    2020, Vol. 14 Issue (1) : 2    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-019-1181-9
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Quantification of pesticide residues on plastic mulching films in typical farmlands of the North China
Baoyuan Guo1,2,4(), Jiao Meng1,2, Xinyu Wang3, Chengnan Yin1, Weiyu Hao1,2, Baiwen Ma1,2, Zhang Tao1,2
1. Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Beijing Union University, Beijing 100101, China
4. Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
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Abstract

• Pesticide residuals on mulching film of Shandong, Tianjin and Hebei.

• Detected 29 pesticides in soil and 30 in mulching film.

• Pesticides on plastic films: 86.4‒22213.2 ng/g and in soil: 9.3‒535.3 ng/g.

• Pesticides on plastic films 20 times higher than in soil.

Plastic debris as new pollutants attracts much attention in the recent years. The plastic mulching films is one of the most important plastic debirs source in the environment. The aim of this work was to investigate the current status of pesticide residues on the plastic mulching films. Based on the QuEChERS method, multi-residue methods for detection of pesticide residues with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrum (GC-MS) and high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrum (HPLC-MS) were developed for the analysis of the pesticides residues in plastic film and soil samples from Tianjin, Hebei and Shandong. The total concentrations of pesticide residues were in the range of 86.4‒22213.2 ng/g in plastic film debris, which was about 20 times higher than that in soil (9.3‒535.3 ng/g). Residual level of pesticides varied greatly in different samples. The historical usage and recent application of pesticides were the main sources for pesticide residues on plastic films and soil. In short, plastic mulching films could act as a sink for pesticides in farmland and the ubiquitous pesticide residues on plastic films should draw more attention.
Keywords Pesticides      Plastic mulching film      Soil      QuEChERS      Farmland     
Corresponding Author(s): Baoyuan Guo   
Issue Date: 30 October 2019
 Cite this article:   
Baoyuan Guo,Jiao Meng,Xinyu Wang, et al. Quantification of pesticide residues on plastic mulching films in typical farmlands of the North China[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2020, 14(1): 2.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-019-1181-9
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2020/V14/I1/2
No. Area Geographical coordinates
S01 Baigou, Hebei N39°08′17.52″, E116°0′24.60″
S02 Cangzhou, Hebei N38°15′8.03″, E116°52′35.04″
S03 Dezhou, Hebei N37°31′13.43″, E116°16′10.71″
S04 Dezhou, Shandong N37°22′11.46″, E116°19′13.53″
S05 Hengshui 1, Hebei N37°46′52.06″, E115°40′15.11″
S06 Hengshui 2, Hebei N37°41′57.09″, E115°35′58.26″
S07 Hengshui 3, Hebei N37°42′20.99″, E115°44′58.50″
S08 Qingzhou 1, Shandong N36°45′35.57″, E118°26′39.97″
S09 Qingzhou 2, Shandong N36°42′29.94″, E118°34′3.75″
S10 Raoyang 1, Hebei N38°15′22.07″, E115°45′12.63″
S11 Raoyang 2, Hebei N38°13′43.54″, E115°45′33.37″
S12 Renqiu, Hebei N38°42′46.63″, E116°02′13.52″
S13 Shouguang 1, Shandong N36°49′45.25″, E118°51′48.44″
S14 Shouguang 2, Shandong N36°55′6.52″, E118°48′36.92″
S15 Shouguang 3, Shandong N36°54′54.56″, E118°40′59.81″
S16 Shouguang 4, Shandong N36°50′44.43″, E118°40′29.03″
S17 Tianjin 1 N38°59′21.50″, E116°58′6.24″
S18 Tianjin 2 N39°18′45.44″, E116°57′29.76″
S19 Zouping, Shandong N36°50′5.55″, E117°46′17.87″
S20 Zibo, Shandong N36°54′21.82″, E117°58′53.50″
Tab.1  Location of sampling sites
Number Name CAS No. Log P Soil degradation
DT50 (days)		 LC50
(mg/kg)		 Classification
1 Tricyclazole 41814-78-2 1.4 450 >1000 Fungicide
2 Imazalil 73790-28-0 2.56 76.3 541 Fungicide
3 Boscalid 188425-85-6 2.96 484.4 >500 Fungicide
4 Dimethomorph 110488-70-5 2.68 72.7 >500 Fungicide
5 Myclobutanil 88671-89-0 2.87 560 125 Fungicide
6 Triadimefon 43121-43-3 3.18 26 50 Fungicide
7 Cyazofamid 120116-88-3 3.2 10 >1000 Fungicide
8 Thifluzamide 130000-40-7 4.16 1145 >1250 Fungicide
9 Flusilazole 85509-19-9 3.87 300 388 Fungicide
10 Tebuconazole 80443-41-0 3.7 63 1381 Fungicide
11 Hexaconazole 79983-71-4 3.9 122 414 Fungicide
12 Difenoconazole 119446-68-3 4.36 130 616 Fungicide
13 Procymidone 32809-16-8 3.3 7 >1000 Fungicide
014 Atrazine 1912-24-9 2.7 75 79 Herbicide
15 Flumioxazin 103361-09-7 2.55 21.9 491 Herbicide
16 Acetochlor 34256-82-1 4.14 14 105.5 Herbicide
17 butachlor 23184-66-9 4.5 56 0.515 Herbicide
18 Butralin 33629-47-9 4.93 22 >1000 Herbicide
19 Trifluralin 1582-09-8 5.27 181 >500 Herbicide
20 Oxyfluorfen 42874-03-3 4.86 35 >1000 Herbicide
21 Acetamiprid 135410-20-7 0.8 1.6 9 Insecticide
22 Thiacloprid 111988-49-9 1.26 0.88 105 Insecticide
23 Azoxystrobin 131860-33-8 2.5 78 283 Insecticide
24 Tebufenozide 112410-23-8 4.25 400 >1000 Insecticide
25 Indoxacarb 144171-61-9 4.65 113.2 625 Insecticide
26 Hexaflumuron 86479-06-3 5.68 57 880 Insecticide
27 Lufenuron 103055-07-8 5.12 16.3 >500 Insecticide
28 Etoxazole 153233-91-1 5.25 19.3 >1000 Insecticide
29 Pyridaben 96489-71-3 6.37 55 19 Insecticide
30 Chlorfenapyr 122453-73-0 4.83 1.4 / Insecticide
31 Bifenthrin 83322-02-5 6.6 26 8 Insecticide
32 Fenpropathrin 64257-84-7 6.04 34 184 Insecticide
33 Cyhalothrin 91465-08-6 6.8 57 >1000 Insecticide
34 Flonicamid 158062-67-0 -0.43 3.1 >1000 Insecticide
35 Thiamethoxam 153719-23-4 -0.13 50 >1000 Insecticide
Tab.2  Pesticides selected in the present work*
Fig.1  Flow chart of the sample preparation.
sites Insecticides Herbicides Fungicides Total Conc.
(ng/g)		 Amounts
Conc.
(ng/g)		 Amounts Conc.
(ng/g)		 Amounts Conc.
(ng/g)		 Amounts
Tianjin-1 352.0 6 4.5 3 7.5 3 357.9 12
Tianjin-2 11.7 5 3.5 3 0.0 0 10.1 8
Shouguang-1 530.1 4 8.1 3 1.0 2 535.3 9
Shouguang-3 25.8 5 12.4 5 22.3 8 55.5 18
Shouguang-4 31.2 5 8.7 3 62.9 8 97.7 16
Zouping 123.5 4 19.6 5 3.4 4 142.5 13
Zibo 54.0 3 6.9 3 0.4 1 58.3 7
Qingzhou-1 56.1 6 132.5 5 19.5 2 202.0 13
Qingzhou-2 142.7 8 138.5 6 118.3 5 391.5 19
Baigou 2.0 1 424.1 4 0.7 1 425.7 6
Cangzhou 12.4 3 6.5 4 0.4 1 16.3 8
Dezhou-1 4.4 1 26.8 5 10.6 3 40.8 9
Dezhou-2 20.4 4 131.8 3 14.9 6 163.1 13
Hengshui-1 0.0 0 189.4 6 2.2 4 191.6 10
Hengshui-2 15.3 3 54.9 6 4.9 4 72.1 13
Hengshui-3 6.1 1 2.8 2 1.3 2 9.3 5
Raoyang-1 12.7 3 5.9 4 2.9 4 18.6 11
Raoyang-2 4.7 1 480.2 4 1.0 1 484.8 6
Renqiu 4.9 1 20.3 4 4.4 2 28.6 7
mean 73.3 3.4 84.2 4.1 14.1 3.2 168.1 10.7
Tab.3  Pesticide residues in soil samples
Fig.2  Detection rate of pesticide residues in soil and plastic film samples.
Sites Insecticides Herbicides Fungicides Total conc. Amounts
Conc. Amounts Conc. Amounts Conc. Amounts
Tianjin-1 1754.4 6 208.8 4 231.2 10 2194.4 20
Tianjin-2 3301.1 3 240.0 4 53.9 6 3594.9 13
Shouguang-1 21792.5 5 245.3 4 175.3 9 22213.2 18
Shouguang-2 94.9 3 182.1 3 199.2 8 476.3 14
Shouguang-3 126.9 5 395.7 2 165.3 7 688.0 14
Shouguang-4 545.1 4 407.2 5 205.1 4 1157.3 13
Zouping 12109.9 8 268.8 5 223.2 9 12601.9 22
Zibo 156.3 2 225.3 3 93.9 6 475.5 11
Qingzhou-1 181.3 3 388.5 4 344.3 7 914.1 14
Qingzhou-2 14440.0 4 262.1 5 164.0 9 14866.1 18
Baigou 238.7 4 150.4 4 74.7 7 463.7 15
Cangzhou 114.4 4 190.7 4 243.2 5 548.3 13
Dezhou-1 71.2 3 25.1 2 55.2 6 151.5 11
Dezhou-2 502.1 6 99.2 4 71.5 6 672.8 16
Hengshui-1 570.1 3 135.2 4 165.1 6 870.4 13
Hengshui-2 6.9 1 41.1 3 38.4 3 86.4 7
Hengshui-3 2847.5 6 146.7 3 158.4 9 3152.5 18
Raoyang-1 356.3 8 134.7 4 279.7 9 770.7 21
Raoyang-2 2166.4 7 149.6 5 341.6 8 2657.6 20
Renqiu 147.2 3 244.8 4 318.4 8 710.4 15
mean 3076.2 4.4 207.1 3.8 180.1 7.1 3463.3 15.3
Tab.4  Pesticide residues on plastic film samples (ng/g)
Fig.3  Comparison of pesticide residues in soil and plastic film samples.
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