Photosensitivity sources of dissolved organic matter from wastewater treatment plants and their mediation effect on 17α-ethinylestradiol photodegradation

doi:10.1007/s11783-023-1669-1

2023, Vol. 17

Issue (6) : 69 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-023-1669-1

Photosensitivity sources of dissolved organic matter from wastewater treatment plants and their mediation effect on 17α-ethinylestradiol photodegradation

Zhicheng Liao¹, Bei Li¹, Juhong Zhan²(

), Huan He¹(

), Xiaoxia Yang¹, Dongxu Zhou¹, Guoxi Yu¹, Chaochao Lai¹, Bin Huang^1,³, Xuejun Pan^1,³

¹. Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
². Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou), Tsinghua, Suzhou 215163, China
³. Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control in Soils, Kunming 650500, China

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Abstract

● EE2 photodegradation behavior in the presence of four WWTPs’ DOM was explored.

● The ³DOM* played a major role in the EE2 photodegradation mediated by WWTPs’ DOM.

● The A²/O process DOM contained more aromatic and oxygen-containing substances.

● Possible photosensitivity sources of DOM in the A²/O process were proposed.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from each treatment process of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) contains abundant photosensitive substances, which could significantly affect the photodegradation of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). Nevertheless, information about EE2 photodegradation behavior mediated by DOM from diverse WWTPs and the photosensitivity sources of such DOM are inadequate. This study explored the photodegradation behavior of EE2 mediated by four typical WWTPs’ DOM solutions and investigated the photosensitivity sources of DOM in the anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A²/O) process. The parallel factor analysis identified three varying fluorescing components of these DOM, tryptophan-like substances or protein-like substances, microbial humus-like substances, and humic-like components. The photodegradation rate constants of EE2 were positively associated with the humification degree of DOM (P < 0.05). The triplet state substances were responsible for the degradation of EE2. DOM extracted from the A²/O process, especially in the secondary treatment process had the fastest EE2 photodegradation rate compared to that of the other three processes. Four types of components (water-soluble organic matter (WSOM), extracellular polymeric substance, humic acid, and fulvic acid) were separated from the A²/O process DOM. WSOM had the highest promotion effect on EE2 photodegradation. Fulvic acid-like components and humic acid-like organic compounds in WSOM were speculated to be important photosensitivity substances that can generate triplet state substances. This research explored the physicochemical properties and photosensitive sources of DOM in WWTPs, and explained the fate of estrogens photodegradation in natural waters.

Keywords Photosensitivity sources 17α-ethinylestradiol Photodegradation Dissolved organic matter Wastewater treatment plants

Corresponding Author(s): Juhong Zhan,Huan He

Issue Date: 03 January 2023

Cite this article:

Zhicheng Liao,Bei Li,Juhong Zhan, et al. Photosensitivity sources of dissolved organic matter from wastewater treatment plants and their mediation effect on 17α-ethinylestradiol photodegradation[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2023, 17(6): 69.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-023-1669-1
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2023/V17/I6/69

Fig.1 Parallel factor analysis and wavelengths loadings (C1–C3) of the three components.

Fig.2 EE2 photodegradation behaviors in (a) SE_DOM; (b) AE_DOM; (c) DS_DOM solutions. Experimental conditions: [DOM] = 5 mg C/L, [EE2] = 0.5 mg/L, pH = 8.0.

Fig.3 Relationships between the photodegradation rate constants of EE2 (k_obs) and the values of (a) SUVA₂₅₄ and (b) α280.

Fig.4 Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of (a) •OH and (b) ¹O₂ in 5 mg C/L of DOM solution.

Fig.5 Steady-state concentrations of (a) •OH and (b) ¹O₂ in different reaction solutions.

WWTPs	Treatment process	DOM	R_[•OH] (%)	$R 1 O 2$ (%)	$R 3 D O M ∗$ (%)
WW1	OD	SE_DOM	14.8	18.9	61.7
		AE_DOM	1.6	19.8	35.0
		DS_DOM	20.6	18.4	35.5
WW3	3AMBR	SE_DOM	13.0	30.1	43.0
		AE_DOM	0.5	22.4	50.8
		DS_DOM	16.7	20.4	32.5
WW4	ICEAS	SE_DOM	15.0	24.4	47.0
		AE_DOM	2.7	21.2	56.5
		DS_DOM	23.5	16.3	38.3
WW8	A²/O	SE_DOM	15.5	6.8	40.4
		AE_DOM	1.5	18.1	61.0
		DS_DOM	7.4	24.4	40.9

Tab.1 Percentage contributions of PPRI to EE2 photodegradation in diverse DOM solutions

Tab.2 Calculated characteristic indexes of DOM extracted from A²/O process

Fig.6 FTIR spectra of the functional groups in DOM from A²/O process.

Fig.7 First order photodegradation rate constants (k_obs) of EE2 in different DOM solutions and different matrixes. Experimental conditions: [DOM] = 5 mg C/L, [FFA] = 40 μmol/L, [SA] = 20 μmol/L, [TBA] = 30 μmol/L, pH = 8.0.

Fig.8 Possible photodegradation pathway of EE2.

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