Cognitive impairment associated with individual and joint exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> constituents in a Chinese national cohort

doi:10.1007/s11783-024-1869-3

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2024, Vol. 18

Issue (9) : 109 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-024-1869-3

Cognitive impairment associated with individual and joint exposure to PM_2.5 constituents in a Chinese national cohort

Boning Deng¹, Yachen Li¹, Lifeng Zhu¹, Yuwei Zhou¹, Aonan Sun¹, Jingjing Zhang¹, Yixiang Wang¹, Yuxi Tan¹, Jiajun Shen¹, Yalin Zhang¹, Zan Ding²(

), Yunquan Zhang¹(

)

¹. Institute of Social Development and Health Management, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
². Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518102, China

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Abstract

● A national cohort to assess nexus between cognition function and PM_2.5 constituents.

● Cognitive impairment was related to individual and joint exposure to PM_2.5 constituents.

● BC displayed the highest negative effect on PM_2.5-related cognitive impairment.

● Female, younger, and well-educated individuals were more vulnerable.

Nationwide longitudinal evidence linking cognitive decline with exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) constituents remains scarce in China. By constructing a dynamic cohort based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we aimed to assess individual and joint associations of PM_2.5 constituents with cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults in China. Linear mixed-effects models incorporated with quantile-based g-computation were applied to investigate individual and joint associations of long-term exposures to PM_2.5 constituents with cognitive function. Among 13,507 respondents, we evaluated 38,950 follow-up records of cognitive function tests. Declines in global cognitive score associated with an interquartile range (IQR) increase in exposure were −1.477 (95% CI: −1.722, −1.232) for nitrate, followed by −1.331 (−1.529, −1.133) for ammonium, −1.033 (−1.184, −0.883) for sulfate, −0.988 (−1.144, −0.832) for organic matter and −0.822 (−0.946, −0.699) for black carbon. An IQR-equivalent increase in joint exposure to these PM_2.5 constituents was associated with a decline of −1.353 (−1.659, −1.048) in global cognitive score. Female, younger, and well-educated individuals were at greater vulnerability to cognitive impairment related to individual and joint exposure to PM_2.5 constituents. This study suggested that later-life exposures to PM_2.5 constituents were associated with cognitive decline in middle-aged and older adults in China.

Keywords Air pollution PM_2.5 constituents Cognitive function Joint exposure Middle-aged and older adults

Corresponding Author(s): Zan Ding,Yunquan Zhang

Issue Date: 27 June 2024

Cite this article:

Boning Deng,Yachen Li,Lifeng Zhu, et al. Cognitive impairment associated with individual and joint exposure to PM_2.5 constituents in a Chinese national cohort[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2024, 18(9): 109.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-024-1869-3
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2024/V18/I9/109

Tab.1 Baseline characteristics of study participants

Fig.1 Estimated changes in cognitive scores associated with an IQR increase in exposure to PM_2.5 and individual constituents or an IQR-equivalent increase in joint exposure. Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; CI, confidence interval; PM_2.5, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm; BC, black carbon; OM, organic matter; NO₃^–, nitrate; SO₄^2–, sulfate; NH₄⁺, ammonium.

Fig.2 The probability distributions of changes in global cognitive score associated with PM_2.5 constituents estimated from 1000 Monte Carlo simulations. Abbreviations: PM_2.5, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm; BC, black carbon; OM, organic matter; NO₃^–, nitrate; SO₄^2–, sulfate; NH₄⁺, ammonium.

Fig.3 Concentration-response associations of exposure to PM_2.5 and its constituents with changes in global cognitive score. Abbreviations: PM_2.5, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm; BC, black carbon; OM, organic matter; NO₃^–, nitrate; SO₄^2–, sulfate; NH₄⁺, ammonium.

Fig.4 Quasi-concentration-response associations (A) and estimated weights (B) in joint-exposure analyses using qg-computation. Abbreviations: PM_2.5, particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm; BC, black carbon; OM, organic matter; NO₃^–, nitrate; SO₄^2–, sulfate; NH₄⁺, ammonium.

Fig.5 Estimated changes in domain-specific cognitive scores associated with an IQR-equivalent increase in joint exposure, stratified by participant characteristics. Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; IQR, interquartile range.

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