Spatiotemporal characteristics and Monte Carlo simulation-based human health risk of heavy metals in soils from a typical coal-mining city in eastern China

doi:10.1007/s11783-024-1882-6

2024, Vol. 18

Issue (10) : 122 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-024-1882-6

Spatiotemporal characteristics and Monte Carlo simulation-based human health risk of heavy metals in soils from a typical coal-mining city in eastern China

Xiangyue Pan¹, Xinrui Weng¹, Lingyu Zhang¹, Fang Chen², Hui Li¹(

), Yunhua Zhang¹(

)

¹. Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230026, China
². Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Center, Xuancheng 242000, China

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Abstract

● The spatiotemporal distribution of soil heavy metals from mining area was analyzed.

● The potential ecological risk of heavy metals in soil of Huainan mining area was analyzed.

● Monte Carlo method was used to analyze the health risks of heavy metals to humans.

Mining activities typically discharge considerable amounts of heavy metals into the environment, raising concerns about soil metal pollution, environmental security, and human well-being. Therefore, a systematic regional-scale investigation of soil heavy metal pollution in mining areas is necessary for soil management. In this study, 5817 soil samples from the Huainan coal mining area collected for studies conducted from 2000 to 2021 were compiled to quantify the pollution level and spatiotemporal variation of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Ni, and Mn). The associated ecological health risk of heavy metals in soil was assessed using the Hakanson ecological hazard index, Monte Carlo simulation in conjunction with the total hazard quotient, and the hazard index. Cd was the top contaminant, followed by Hg. In terms of spatial distribution, heavy metal contamination was more severe in the eastern area of Fengtai and Datong districts, because these districts of Anhui Province are significant industrial regions. In addition, the results of the Monte Carlo evaluation of human health risks showed that the total noncarcinogenic risk of heavy metals in soil is below the acceptable level, while the carcinogenic risk was 5.97% for adults and 15.53% for children. As accounted for 57.4% of noncarcinogenic risk, Cr contributed 36.1% of carcinogenic risk. Compared with adults, children are more vulnerable to the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks posed by heavy metals, with oral consumption being the primary exposure route. This research can provide useful details for protecting the environment and managing soil in a coal mining area.

Keywords Heavy metals Spatiotemporal distribution Ecological health risk assessment Monte Carlo simulation Coal mining area

Corresponding Author(s): Hui Li,Yunhua Zhang

Issue Date: 26 August 2024

Cite this article:

Yunhua Zhang,Hui Li,Fang Chen, et al. Spatiotemporal characteristics and Monte Carlo simulation-based human health risk of heavy metals in soils from a typical coal-mining city in eastern China[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2024, 18(10): 122.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-024-1882-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2024/V18/I10/122

Tab.1 Distribution coordinates of Huainan coal mines

Tab.2 Descriptions of the total contents of the nine potentially harmful trace elements in soil

Fig.1 I_geo of heavy metals in soil.

Fig.2 Variation of heavy metal content in soil from 2000 to 2021 (The red curve is the result of a time-varying polynomial fit curve, and the pink area is the 95% confidence interval).

Fig.3 Spatial variation of the content of heavy metals in soils from study area.

Elements	$E r n$
Elements	Mean(contribution rate)	Median	Minimum	Maximum
Cd	387.00(67.91%)	399.50	5.00	2500
Cr	2.00 (0.35%)	2.36	0.004	4.99
Hg	153.85 (27.00%)	28.00	0.073	3112
As	10.00 (1.75%)	10.17	0.91	166.09
Pb	5.00 (0.88%)	5.52	0.02	213.72
Cu	5.00 (0.88%)	5.61	0.01	12.35
Zn	1.00 (0.18%)	0.83	0.001	10.70
Ni	1.00 (0.18%)	1.02	0.26	25.25
Mn	5.00 (0.88%)	4.72	2.93	8.19
PERI	569.85	457.73	9.21	6053.29

Tab.3 Potential ecological risks of heavy metals in the soil from the mining area

Fig.4 Contribution of PERI in soils.

Tab.4 Noncarcinogenic risks to humans from soil

Fig.5 Distribution of noncarcinogenic risk for adults.

Fig.6 Distribution of noncarcinogenic risk for children．

Tab.5 Carcinogenic risks to humans from soil

Fig.7 Distribution of carcinogenic risk for adults.

Fig.8 Distribution of carcinogenic risk for children.

Fig.9 Probability distribution of noncarcinogenic risk for residents.

Fig.10 Probability distribution of carcinogenic risk for residents.

Fig.11 Results of sensitivity analysis.

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