Continuous wildfires threaten public and ecosystem health under climate change across continents

doi:10.1007/s11783-024-1890-6

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2024, Vol. 18

Issue (10) : 130 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-024-1890-6

Continuous wildfires threaten public and ecosystem health under climate change across continents

Guochao Chen¹, Minghao Qiu^2,³, Peng Wang^4,⁵, Yuqiang Zhang⁶, Drew Shindell⁷(

), Hongliang Zhang^1,^5,⁸(

)

¹. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
². Doerr School of Sustainability and Center for Innovation in Global Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
³. School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, and Program in Public Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
⁴. Department of Atmospheric and Marine Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
⁵. IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
⁶. Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
⁷. Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
⁸. Institute of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai 200062, China

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Abstract

● Wildfire and emission patterns vary globally, intensifying at high latitudes.

● Climate change-driven warming and drought are key in wildfire patterns.

● Wildfires impact health, especially in high-emission areas, lack management.

Wildfires burn approximately 3%–4% of the global land area annually, resulting in massive emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. Over the past two decades, there has been a declining trend in both global burned area and wildfire emissions. This trend is largely attributed to a decrease in wildfire activity in Africa, which accounts for a substantial portion of the total burned area and emissions. However, the northern high-latitude regions of Asia and North America have witnessed substantial interannual variability in wildfire activity, with several severe events occurring in recent years. Climate plays a pivotal role in influencing wildfire activity and has led to more wildfires in high-latitude regions. These wildfires pose significant threats to climate, ecosystems, and human health. Given recent changes in wildfire patterns and their impacts, it is critical to understand the contributors of wildfires, focus on deteriorating high-latitude areas, and address health risks in poorly managed areas to mitigate wildfire effects.

Keywords Wildfire activity Wildfire emissions Climate change Air quality

Corresponding Author(s): Drew Shindell,Hongliang Zhang

Issue Date: 16 July 2024

Cite this article:

Guochao Chen,Minghao Qiu,Peng Wang, et al. Continuous wildfires threaten public and ecosystem health under climate change across continents[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2024, 18(10): 130.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-024-1890-6
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2024/V18/I10/130

Tab.1 Profiles of vegetation, climate, policies, and wildfires by continent

Fig.1 Recent global wildfire burned area and emissions (2003–2022). (a) Average emissions of CO₂, BC (2003–2018), and PM_2.5 (2003–2018) from fully anthropogenic (blue) and wildfire (red) sources, with 95% CI error bars. Data from Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) and Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS). (b) Continental contributions to global cumulative BA and emissions of CO₂, BC, and PM_2.5. Data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer burn product (MCD64A1) and GFAS. (c) Annual continental BA and emissions of CO₂ and PM_2.5. Bright bars represent the contributions of 2015 Indonesia, 2021 Siberia and North America, 2022 Mediterranean and 2019–2020 South-east Australia, respectively.

Fig.2 Factors influencing wildfires. VPD: vapor pressure deficit.

Fig.3 Effects posed by wildfires.

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