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Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.    2024, Vol. 18 Issue (11) : 137    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-024-1897-z
Variations in summertime ozone in Nanjing between 2015 and 2020: roles of meteorology, radical chain length and ozone production efficiency
Lin Li1,2, Jingyi Li1, Momei Qin1, Xiaodong Xie1, Jianlin Hu1(), Yuqiang Zhang2
1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
2. Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Abstract

● Temperature, relative humidity and wind field are influential meteorological factors.

● OH radical chain length and OPE are dominated by the NO x decline.

● The O3 formation is controlled by VOCs and NO x in 2020 summertime.

Changes in ozone (O3) can be evaluated to inform policy effectiveness and develop reasonable emissions reduction measures. This study investigated the causes of summertime maximum daily 8-h average (MDA8) O3 variation between 2015 and 2020 in Nanjing, China, a megacity in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, from the perspective of meteorological conditions and anthropogenic emissions of O3 precursors (VOCs and NOx). Compared with 2015, the observed MDA8 O3 decreased by 19.1 μg/m3 in August 2020. The indirect and indirect impacts of meteorological conditions contributed 44% of the decline, with temperature, relative humidity, and wind playing important roles in the O3 variation. The O3 drop by 10.7 μg/m3 (56% of the total decrease) may have been due to the decreases in anthropogenic emissions of VOCs and NOx by 7.8% and 11.7%, respectively. The longer hydroxyl (OH) radical chain length and higher ozone production efficiency (OPE) indicated that the reduction of anthropogenic emissions accelerated the ROx (ROx = OH + HO2 + RO2) and NOx cycles in O3 production, making O3 more sensitive to NOx. This corresponded to the O3 formation shifting from a VOC-limited regime in 2015 to a transition regime in 2020 and O3 decrease with anthropogenic emission reduction. Hence, the joint control of O3 precursor emissions can effectively mitigate O3 pollution in Nanjing.
Keywords Ozone      Meteorological condition      Anthropogenic emission      OH radical chain length      OPE     
Corresponding Author(s): Jianlin Hu   
Issue Date: 11 September 2024
 Cite this article:   
Lin Li,Jingyi Li,Momei Qin, et al. Variations in summertime ozone in Nanjing between 2015 and 2020: roles of meteorology, radical chain length and ozone production efficiency[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2024, 18(11): 137.
 URL:  
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-024-1897-z
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2024/V18/I11/137
Scenario Year Meteorology Emission
2015Base 2015 2015 2015A + 2015B
2020Base 2020 2020 2020A + 2020B
S1 2020 2020 2015A + 2020B
S2 2020 2020 2015A + 2015B
Tab.1  The settings of simulated scenarios
Fig.1  Comparison of the observed concentrations of O3 and NO2 in Nanjing during August in 2015 and 2020. (a) MDA8 O3 and (b) hourly NO2. (c) Box-whiskers plot for MDA8 O3 and 24h NO2 (only the days that observed MDA8 O3 is higher than 100 μg/m3 are considered. The central box represents the values from the lower to upper quartile (25th to 75th percentile). The vertical line extends from the minimum to the maximum. The middle solid line represents the median. The green diamonds are the average values and the black dots are outliers).
Fig.2  Comparison of the predicted concentrations of (a) hourly O3 and (b)–(e) meteorological parameters (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction) in Nanjing during August 1–19 in 2015 and 2020.
Fig.3  The spatial distributions of surface MDA8 O3 and wind field at 10 m during the study period in the domain. (a) and (b) average values during August 1–5, (c) and (d) average values during August 13–19. The blue box marks the location of Nanjing.
Fig.4  The anthropogenic emissions of (a) VOCs and (b) NOx in Nanjing during August 1–19 in 2015 and 2020 (the blue values denote emission changes in 2020 relative to 2015 level).
Site Period O3 sensitivity References
Suburban 2011–2012 VOCs-limited Ding et al. (2013)
Urban Summertime in 2013 VOCs-limited An et al. (2015)
Suburban VOCs-limited
Suburban October in 2014 VOCs-limited Xu et al. (2017)
Urban O3 pollution in 2016 VOCs-limited/transition Wang et al. (2020a)
Suburban July in 2018 VOCs-limited Fan et al. (2021)
Urban August in 2020 Transition regime Li et al. (2022)
/ August in 2015/2020 VOCs-limited /transition This study
Tab.2  Comparisons of previous O3-VOCs-NOx sensitivity over Nanjing
Fig.5  Isopleth diagram of modeled MDA8 O3 under different anthropogenic emission scenarios in Nanjing during August 1–19 in (a) 2015 and (b) 2020 (only the days that observed MDA8 O3 is higher than 100 μg/m3 are considered).
Fig.6  (a) Diurnal variation of OH radical chain length and (b) OPE values in Nanjing during August 1–19 in 2015 and 2020 (only the days that observed MDA8 O3 is higher than 100 μg/m3 are considered).
Fig.7  Isopleth diagram of modeled (a)–(b) OPE and (c)–(d) OH radical chain length under different anthropogenic emission scenarios in Nanjing during August 1–19 in 2015 and 2020 (only the days that observed MDA8 O3 is higher than 100 μg/m3 are considered).
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