Sulfur mediated heavy metal biogeochemical cycles in coastal wetlands: From sediments, rhizosphere to vegetation

doi:10.1007/s11783-022-1523-x

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

2022, Vol. 16

Issue (8) : 102 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-022-1523-x

REVIEW ARTICLE

Sulfur mediated heavy metal biogeochemical cycles in coastal wetlands: From sediments, rhizosphere to vegetation

Yueming Wu¹, Zhanrui Leng¹, Jian Li^1,²(

), Chongling Yan², Xinhong Wang², Hui Jia¹, Lingyun Chen³, Sai Zhang⁴, Xiaojun Zheng¹(

), Daolin Du¹

¹. Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
². State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
³. Laboratory of Microbiota, College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
⁴. Department of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

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Abstract

• In sediments, the transformation of sulfides may lead to the release of heavy metals.

• In the rhizosphere, sulfur regulates the uptake of heavy metals by plants.

• In plants, sulfur mediates a series of heavy metal tolerance mechanisms.

• Explore interactions between sulfur and heavy metals on different scales is needed.

The interactions and mechanisms between sulfur and heavy metals are a growing focus of biogeochemical studies in coastal wetlands. These issues underline the fate of heavy metals bound in sediments or released into the system through sediments. Despite the fact that numerous published studies have suggested sulfur has a significant impact on the bioavailability of heavy metals accumulated in coastal wetlands, to date, no review article has systematically summarized those studies, particularly from the perspective of the three major components of wetland ecosystems (sediments, rhizosphere, and vegetation). The present review summarizes the studies published in the past four decades and highlights the major achievements in this field. Research and studies available thus far indicate that under anaerobic conditions, most of the potentially bioavailable heavy metals in coastal wetland sediments are fixed as precipitates, such as metal sulfides. However, fluctuations in physicochemical conditions may affect sulfur cycling, and hence, directly or indirectly lead to the conversion and migration of heavy metals. In the rhizosphere, root activities and microbes together affect the speciation and transformation of sulfur which in turn mediate the migration of heavy metals. As for plant tissues, tolerance to heavy metals is enhanced by sulfur-containing compounds via promoting a series of chelation and detoxification processes. Finally, to further understand the interactions between sulfur and heavy metals in coastal wetlands, some major future research directions are proposed.

Keywords Coastal wetland Heavy metal Sulfur Biogeochemical cycle

Corresponding Author(s): Jian Li,Xiaojun Zheng

About author: Tongcan Cui and Yizhe Hou contributed equally to this work.

Issue Date: 16 December 2021

Cite this article:

Yueming Wu,Zhanrui Leng,Jian Li, et al. Sulfur mediated heavy metal biogeochemical cycles in coastal wetlands: From sediments, rhizosphere to vegetation[J]. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng., 2022, 16(8): 102.

URL:

https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/10.1007/s11783-022-1523-x
https://academic.hep.com.cn/fese/EN/Y2022/V16/I8/102

Fig.1 The transformation and migration of heavy metals in the coastal wetland ecosystem.

Fig.2 The sediment-plant cycle of sulfur in coastal wetlands.

Locations	Value	Cd	Cr	Cu	Ni	Pb	Zn	Reference
Futian Mangrove, Shenzhen, China	Range	5.35−6.18	34.83−71.84	79.22−84.98	101.03−148.88	NA	324.48−401.03	Wu et al., 2019
Futian Mangrove, Shenzhen, China	Mean	5.70	49.76	82.62	117.92	NA	351.15	Wu et al., 2019
Xixiang Mangrove, Shenzhen, China	Range	8.33−9.08	96.42−116.06	328.63−431.83	157.86−176.04	NA	354.83−497.43	Wu et al., 2019
Xixiang Mangrove, Shenzhen, China	Mean	8.76	103.09	381.56	168.12	NA	429.41	Wu et al., 2019
Shajing Mangrov, Shenzhen, China	Range	7.63−8.32	299.05−317.66	1547.66−1624.34	366.59−424.50	NA	632.28−658.95	Wu et al., 2019
Shajing Mangrov, Shenzhen, China	Mean	7.98	311.16	1595.24	397.87	NA	649.19	Wu et al., 2019
Dongzhaigang Mangrove, Hainan, China	Mean	0.96	65.77	15.37	18.97	19.32	48.57	Shi et al., 2019
Zhanjiang Mangrove, Guangdong, China	Mean	1.74	71.53	20.95	21.85	37.01	76.60	Shi et al., 2019
Yellow River Estuary, China	Range	NA	35.9−54.7	15.6−29.9	17.6−28.4	35.8−51.7	38.2−68.3	Sun et al., 2015
Yellow River Estuary, China	Mean	NA	44.09	22.85	22.97	43.05	54.12	Sun et al., 2015
Bohai Bay, China	Mean	8.21	NA	50.06	NA	48.12	893.63	Chai et al., 2014b
Min River Estuary, China	Range	NA	33.3−128.9	23.2−74.4	16.7−61.9	17.8−159.0	71.6−267.4	Sun et al., 2017
Min River Estuary, China	Mean	NA	73.8	41.2	33.7	62.3	146.6	Sun et al., 2017
Subei Shoal, Jiangsu, China	Mean	0.56	19.22	11.32	47.88	0.13	38.18	Zhang et al., 2019a
Yangtze Estuary, China	Mean	0.15	87.17	25.51	32.24	24.18	84.91	Liu et al., 2016
Pearl River Estuary, China	Mean	2.38	109.7	65.36	50.36	79.27	244.42	Zhang et al., 2010
Can Gio Biosphere Reserve, Vietnam	Range	0.01−0.2	27.1−71.5	7.1−27	11.7−56.3	8−20.4	25.7−108.1	Costa-Böddeker et al., 2020
Can Gio Biosphere Reserve, Vietnam	Mean	0.06	51	17	29	15	57	Costa-Böddeker et al., 2020
Seine Estuary, France	Range	NA	NA	3−45	18−43	18−78	53−188	Cundy et al., 2005
Seine Estuary, France	Mean	NA	NA	29	27	48	123	Cundy et al., 2005
Medway Estuary, UK	Mean	NA	76	42	28	67	138	Spencer, 2002
Pozo Salt Marsh, Patagonia, Argentina	Range	0.32−0.77	37.39−86.13	4.42−6.8	12.11−32.54	7.14−14.55	15.44−24.95	Idaszkin et al., 2020
Pozo Salt Marsh, Patagonia, Argentina	Mean	0.51	62.64	5.31	23.29	10.28	19.89	Idaszkin et al., 2020
Parnaíba River Delta Estuary, Brazil	Range	NA	1.5−38	1.5−14	NA	1.5−11	2.6−23	de Paula Filho et al., 2015
Parnaíba River Delta Estuary, Brazil	Mean		18.0	6.8	NA	5.9	13.4	de Paula Filho et al., 2015
Sediment Quality Guidelines of China	Class I	0.50	80.0	35.0	NA	60.0	150.0	SEPA, 2002
	Class II	1.50	150.0	100.0		130.0	350.0
	Class III	5.00	270.0	200.0		250.0	600.0

Tab.1 Heavy metal concentration of different coastal wetlands in the world (mg/kg)

Locations	Value	AVS umol/g	SEM^a umol/g	SEM _Cd umol/g	SEM _Cu umol/g	SEM _Ni umol/g	SEM _Pb umol/g	SEM _Zn umol/g	Reference
Zhangjiang Estuary Mangrove, Fujian, China	Range	0.2−12.5	1.4−2.1	0.623−1.690	0.152−0.324	0.095−0.20	0.115−0.197	0.731−1.391	Liu et al., 2010
Futian Mangrove, Shenzhen, China	Mean	2.93	2.37	0.0113	0.13	NA	0.17	2.06	Chai et al., 2015
Pearl River Estuary, South China	Mean	1.59	1.95	0.0430	0.31	0.29	0.18	0.94	Fang et al., 2005
Coastal Areas of Leizhou Peninsula, China	Range	0.11−55.55	0.03−8.60	0.03−0.826	0.001−0.161	0.001−0.069	0.001−0.185	0.02−8.21	Li et al., 2014
Coastal Areas of Leizhou Peninsula, China	Mean	4.451	0.843	0.146	0.031	0.01	0.045	0.757	Li et al., 2014
Yangtze River Estuary, China	Range	0.0016−8.5	0.326−7.3	0.00024−0.005	0.0246−2.56	0.029−5.96	0.014−0.203	0.114−1.36	Wang et al., 2015a
Yangtze River Estuary, China	Mean	0.86	1.163	0.0013	0.266	0.36	0.069	0.467	Wang et al., 2015a
Yellow River Estuary, China	Range	0.15−0.185	0.90−1.86	0.184−0.376	0.212−0.404	NA	0.017−0.033	0.438−1.228	Wu et al., 2007
Yellow River Estuary, China	Mean	0.94	1.33	0.022	0.289	NA	0.230	0.764	Wu et al., 2007
Bohai Bay, China	Range	0.39−3.99	0.54−1.46	0.0002−0.0017	0.091−0.308	0.096−0.273	0.037−0.099	0.289−0.782	Gao et al., 2020
Bohai Bay, China	Mean	1.25	1.05	0.0007	0.211	0.192	0.071	0.572	Gao et al., 2020
Vembanad Lake Estuary, India	Range	0.10−3.31	0.09−7.17	0.00−0.09	0.01−0.56	NA	0.00−0.06	0.00−7.12	Shyleshchandran et al., 2018
Vembanad Lake Estuary, India	Mean	1.15	1.30	0.02	0.15		0.02	1.13	Shyleshchandran et al., 2018
Pialassa Piomboni Coastal Lagoon, Italy	Range	0.03−8.8	0.3−6.6	0.001−0.007	0.005−1.4	0.04−0.3	0.02−0.2	0.2−6.1	Pignotti et al., 2018
Pialassa Piomboni Coastal Lagoon, Italy	Mean	3.1	1.7	0.003	0.1	0.2	0.06	1.4	Pignotti et al., 2018
Asaluyeh Harbor, Iran	Range	0.017−22.74	0.22−20.15	0.0005−0.0098	0.09−6.34	0.005−0.034	0.009−1.14	0.13−12.43	Arfaeinia et al., 2016
Asaluyeh Harbor, Iran	Mean	4.63	7.72	0.22	1.86	0.0026	0.39	4.44	Arfaeinia et al., 2016
Manzalah Lagoon, Egypt	Mean	26.13	2.894	0.008	0.411	0.211	0.175	2.089	Younis et al., 2014
South Coast of São Paulo, Brazil	Mean	2.83	1.71	0.0035	0.185	0.085	0.166	1.270	Nizoli and Luiz-Silva, 2012

Tab.2 Summary of acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) of different coastal areas in the world

Fig.3 A conceptional model of biofilm and metal-sulfur cycle in the rhizoplane of root (*Figure adapted from Li et al., 2019b).

Fig.4 The mediating role of sulfur in plant absorption and transport of heavy metals from the rhizosphere.

Fig.5 Sulfur-containing compounds mediate heavy metal transport, immobilization and detoxification in plant cells.

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