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How to manage rheumatoid arthritis according to classic biomarkers and polymorphisms? |
Karim Mowla1, Mohammad Amin Saki2, Mohammad Taha Jalali3, Zeinab Deris Zayeri1( ) |
1. Golestan Hospital Clinical Research Development Unit, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 2. Sana Institute of Higher Education Mazandaran, Sari, Iran 3. Department of Laboratory Sciences School of Para-medical science, Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran |
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Abstract OBJECTIVES: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), genetic background, and epigenetics play important roles in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These factors can be useful in RA diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response evaluation, particularly with the growing trends in personalized medicine. Therefore, categorizing classic genes and SNPs in RA can present an appropriate guideline for RA management. DISCUSSION: Prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers play important roles in RA diagnosis and treatment. Categorizing SNPs is not an easy process yet, but selecting classic SNPs can be useful worldwide, according to basic similarities that exist in genomes. In this review, we compiled some of these RA-associated SNPs and biomarkers in a table, according to newly identified factors. The role of epigenetics in RA is undeniable; using epigenetic biomarkers like histone deacetylase (HDACs) can be useful in RA diagnosis and treatment. miRs such as miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-222 are useful in diagnosis and can be used in treatment by interfering with other factors’ functions. Interleukins (ILs) seem to be good prognostic and diagnostic markers and can be targeted in RA treatment. CONCLUSION: Using multiple types of biomarkers, such as genes, SNPs, and epigenetic biomarkers like HDACs can be useful in RA management and treatment. PTPN22, HLA-DR polymorphisms, miRs, and HDACs are considerable in RA susceptibility; hence, they can be valuable biomarkers in future studies. This article gathered separate information from approximately 100 articles to present useful biomarkers and polymorphisms in one review.
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Keywords
polymorphism
rheumatoid arthritis
miRs
HLA-DR
epigenetics
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Corresponding Author(s):
Zeinab Deris Zayeri
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Online First Date: 07 June 2017
Issue Date: 19 June 2017
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