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Theoretical and technological exploration of deep in situ fluidized coal mining
Heping XIE, Yang JU, Shihua REN, Feng GAO, Jianzhong LIU, Yan ZHU
Frontiers in Energy. 2019, 13 (4): 603-611.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-019-0643-x
Mining industries worldwide have inevitably resorted to exploiting resources from the deep underground. However, traditional mining methods can cause various problems, e.g., considerable mining difficulty, environmental degradations, and frequent disastrous accidents. To exploit deep resources in the future, the concept of mining must be reconsidered and innovative new theories, methods, and technologies must be applied. To effectively acquire coal resources deeper than 2000 m, new theoretical and technological concepts about deep in situ fluidized mining are required. The limits of mining depth need to be broken to acquire deep-coal resources in an environmentally friendly, safe, and efficient manner. This is characterized by ‘There are no coal on the ground and no men in the coal mine’. First, this paper systematically explains deep in situ fluidized coal mining. Then, it presents a new theoretical concept, including the theories of mining-induced rock mechanics, three-field visualization, multi-physics coupling for in situ transformation, and in situ mining, transformation and transport. It also presents key technological concepts, including those of intelligent, unmanned, and fluidized mining. Finally, this paper presents a strategic roadmap for deep in situ fluidized coal mining. In summary, this paper develops new theoretical and technological systems for accomplishing groundbreaking innovations in mining technologies of coal resources in the deep underground.
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Promoting Si-graphite composite anodes with SWCNT additives for half and NCM811 full lithium ion batteries and assessment criteria from an industrial perspective
Jingning SHAN, Xiaofang YANG, Chao YAN, Lin CHEN, Fang ZHAO, Yiguang JU
Frontiers in Energy. 2019, 13 (4): 626-635.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-019-0650-y
Single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) additives were formulated into µm-Si-graphite composite electrodes and tested in both half cells and full cells with high nickel cathodes. The critical role of small amount of SWCNT addition (0.2 wt%) was found for significantly improving delithiation capacity, first cycle coulombic efficiency (FCE), and capacity retention. Particularly, Si (10 wt%)-graphite electrode exhibits 560 mAh/g delithiation capacity and 92% FCE at 0.2 C during the first charge-discharge cycle, and 91% capacity retention after 50 cycles (0.5 C) in a half cell. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to illustrate the electrode morphology, compositions and promoting function of the SWCNT additives. In addition, full cells assembled with high nickel-NCM811 cathodes and µm-Si-graphite composite anodes were evaluated for the consistence between half and full cell performance, and the consideration for potential commercial application. Finally, criteria to assess Si-containing anodes are proposed and discussed from an industrial perspective.
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钍基熔盐反应堆固体燃料设计的现象识别和排序表练习
刘晓晶, 王琪, 何兆忠, 陈堃, 程旭
Frontiers in Energy. 2019, 13 (4): 707-714.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11708-019-0616-0
钍基熔融盐反应堆固体燃料(TMSR-SF)设计是一种创新的反应堆概念,它使用高温三结构各向同性(TRISO)燃料和低压液态盐冷却剂。 为了将来获得TMSR-SF的许可申请,有必要充分了解TMSR-SF设计的重要特征和现象,以及在事故发生时的瞬态行为。 在本文中,针对所选事件评估了安全相关现象,重要性和知识库,并基于RELAP / SCDAPSIM Mod 4.0模拟了车站停电期间TMSR-SF的瞬变。 具有显着影响但对它们的历史了解有限的现象是堆芯冷却剂旁路流量,出口气室流量分布以及冷却瞬态过高/过低的中间热交换器(IHX)。 还讨论了车站停电期间的一些热工水力参数。
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